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Background This study aimed to assess functional and anatomical outcomes after one month of treatment with a single intravitreal injection (IVI) of brolucizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methodology A retrospective study was conducted on eyes with DME who received a single IVI of brolucizumab. The study was designed to assess visual function and optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers at baseline and one month following a single brolucizumab IVI. A sub-analysis was conducted between the following two groups: group 1 - treatment with brolucizumab due to burden, needle phobia, or non-compliance (responders to standard anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or naïve); and group 2 - non-responsive to previous therapies (standard anti-VEGF ± corticosteroids). The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters), central foveal thickness, and OCT biomarkers such as the presence of subretinal fluid, the number of hyperreflective dots, the disorganization of retinal inner layers, the disruption of outer plexiform layer, external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone, the presence of cysts in the nuclear layers (outer (ONL) and inner (INL)), and the number of cysts in ONL versus those in the INL. Safety outcomes were assessed. Results A total of 59 eyes from 42 patients were included, of which 47 eyes were in group 1 and 12 eyes were in group 2. At one month, patients had an improvement of two ETDRS letters on BCVA (p = 0.020), lower central foveal thickness (p < 0.001), fewer hyperreflective dots (p = 0.016), less outer plexiform layer disruption (p = 0.004), less inner and outer nuclear layer cysts (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and better relationship between ONL and INL cysts (p = 0.022). Results were significant in the subgroup of patients with previous responsive DME. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety after one injection of brolucizumab 6 mg in the management of DME, especially in previously responsive DME patients.
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INTRODUCTION: A detailed understanding of the anatomical and structural changes occurring in the retina following intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implantation may help improve the management and prognosis of persistent or recurrent diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Overall, 45 eyes (from 35 patients) with refractory center-involved DME received an intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant. They were monitored at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), and the seven retinal parameters used in the classification of diabetic maculopathy recently developed at the European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology (ESASO). RESULTS: Within 6 months of implantation, significant improvements were evident in BCVA, CFT, maculopathy stage, and the percentage of eyes with: intraretinal cysts; CFT > 30% above the upper normal value; and disrupted or absent ellipsoid zone (EZ) and/or external limiting membrane (ELM). Significant improvements were still maintained at 36 months post-implantation. At month 36, early treatment with the implant (i.e., after < 6 previous intravitreal injections for DME) trended toward being more effective than later treatment in improving BCVA, CFT, maculopathy stage, and the percentage of eyes with CFT > 30% above the upper normal value. However, statistical significance was not achieved. CONCLUSION: In persistent or recurrent DME, fluocinolone acetonide implantation can be effective in improving maculopathy stage and reducing the percentage of eyes with: intraretinal cysts; CFT > 30% above the upper normal value; and disrupted or absent EZ and/or ELM. It can also increase BCVA and reduce CFT.
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Cistos , Retinopatia Diabética , Edema Macular , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Fluocinolona Acetonida , Retinopatia Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Edema Macular/etiologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Retina , Injeções Intravítreas , Implantes de Medicamento/uso terapêutico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumo Enquadramento: Desde o início do século que se verifica uma diminuição da natalidade e maior envelhecimento populacional, existindo mais pessoas com incapacidade e dependência, exigindo cuidados de enfermagem mais especializados. Objetivo: Descrever a evolução na formação da especialidade em enfermagem de reabilitação. Metodologia: Recolha documental no Diário da República, com análise e interpretação hermenêutica das fontes com referência à especialidade de enfermagem de reabilitação, publicadas desde 2006. Resultados: Foram aprovados vários planos de estudo de pós-licenciatura de especialização e mestrado em enfermagem de reabilitação. Progressivamente, houve inclusão de unidades curriculares como Epidemiologia Estatística e Demografia, Aspetos Psicossociais da Incapacidade, Políticas e Modelos de Cuidados de Saúde e Estágios de Cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação à Pessoa com Problemas Oncológicos e em Fim de Vida. Conclusão: A formação em enfermagem de reabilitação desenvolveu-se com influência das alterações políticas e sociodemográficas. Com os avanços tecnológicos, científicos e a evolução dos sistemas de saúde, os cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação têm evoluído na inovação e formação, com enquadramento legal e nas competências específicas.
Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the 21st century, fertility rates have decreased and life expectancy has increased, with more people with disabilities and dependent on others requiring more specialized nursing care. Objective: To describe the evolution of education/training in rehabilitation nursing. Methodology: Documental search conducted in the Portuguese official journal (Diário da República), with hermeneutic analysis and interpretation of the sources on the specialty of rehabilitation nursing since 2006. Results: Several curricula of postgraduate specialization and master's degrees in rehabilitation nursing have been approved since 2006. Several course units were gradually integrated into the curricula, such as Statistical Epidemiology and Demography, Psychosocial Aspects of Disability, Health Care Policies and Models, and Internships in Rehabilitation Nursing Care for People with Cancer and at the End of Life. Conclusion: Education/training in rehabilitation nursing evolved under the influence of political and socio-demographic changes. With the technological and scientific advances and the evolution of health systems, rehabilitation nursing care has evolved in terms of innovation and education/training within a legal framework and based on specific competencies.
Resumen Marco contextual: Desde principios de siglo se ha producido un descenso de la natalidad y un mayor envejecimiento de la población, con más personas con discapacidad y dependencia, que requieren más cuidados especializados de enfermería. Objetivo: Describir la evolución en la formación de la especialidad en enfermería de rehabilitación. Metodología: Recopilación documental en el Diario de la República, con análisis e interpretación hermenéutica de las fuentes con referencia a la especialidad de enfermería de rehabilitación, publicadas desde 2006. Resultados: Se aprobaron varios planes de estudio de posgrado de especialización y máster en enfermería de rehabilitación. Progresivamente, se incluyeron unidades curriculares, como Epidemiología Estadística y Demografía, Aspectos Psicosociales de la Discapacidad, Políticas y Modelos de Atención Sanitaria y Prácticas de Atención de Enfermería de Rehabilitación a la Persona con Problemas Oncológicos y al Final de la Vida. Conclusión: La formación en enfermería de rehabilitación ha evolucionado con la influencia de los cambios políticos y sociodemográficos. Con los avances tecnológicos y científicos, así como con la evolución de los sistemas sanitarios, los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación han evolucionado en innovación y formación, con marcos legales y competencias específicas.
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BACKGROUND: Optimal pain management is one of the core elements of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) protocols and remains a challenge. Acupuncture (AC) is an effective treatment for various pain conditions. Systematic and personalized allocation of acupoints may be decisive for efficacy. METHODS: Based on the predominant pressure sensitivity of six gastrointestinal (GI) checkpoints (G1-G6), we devised a method to detect personalized patterns of pain and a corresponding set of acupoints. We performed a single AC treatment with semi-permanent needles and assessed the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, pain threshold based on pressure algometry (PA), and temperature changes on abdominal skin areas before and 5 min after AC. RESULTS: Between April and June 2021, thirty-eight patients were prospectively included in this pilot study. The mean reduction in subjective pain sensation as assessed by VAS was 86%, paralleled by an augmentation of the pain threshold as measured by PA by 64%. A small but significant increase in the skin temperature was observed above the abdominal surface. These effects were independent of the type of surgery. CONCLUSION: Checkpoint acupuncture may be a complementary tool for postoperative pain management. Further investigations are needed to explore this analgesic effect.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Manejo da Dor , Medição da DorRESUMO
To effectively use (Li) lithium metal anodes, it is becoming increasingly necessary to create membranes with high lithium conductivity, electrochemical and thermal stabilities, as well as adequate mechanical properties. Composite gel polymer electrolytes (CGPE) have emerged as a promising strategy, offering improved ionic conductivity and structural performance compared to polymer electrolytes. In this study, a simple and scalable approach was developed to fabricate a crosslinked polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based membrane, comprising two different glass fiber reinforcements, in terms of morphology and thickness. The incorporation of a solvated ionic liquid into the developed membrane enhances the ionic conductivity and reduces flammability in the resulting CGPE. Galvanostatic cycling experiments demonstrate favorable performance of the composite membrane in symmetric Li cells. Furthermore, the CGPE demonstrated electrochemical stability, enabling the cell to cycle continuously for more than 700 h at a temperature of 40 °C without short circuits. When applied in a half-cell configuration with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes, the composite membrane enabled cycling at different current densities, achieving a discharge capacity of 144 mAh·g-1. Overall, the findings obtained in this work highlight the potential of crosslinked PEO-based composite membranes for high-performance Li metal anodes, with enhanced near room temperature conductivity, electrochemical stability, and cycling capability.
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Eletrólitos , Lítio , Aminas , Resinas Epóxi , PolímerosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It remains challenging in clinical practice to perform optimal pain management following bariatric surgeries. Acupuncture (AC) is an effective method of postoperative pain management, but its clinical efficacy depends on the rationale used to select AC points. METHODS: We developed a method to identify individual patterns of pain and a corresponding set of acupoints (corrAC) based on the relative pressure sensitivity of six abdominal visceral pressure points, i.e., the gastrointestinal (GI) checkpoints (G1-G6). Patients with moderate to severe pain were included and received a single AC treatment following surgery. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, pain threshold, and skin temperature were assessed before AC and at 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h following AC. AC was performed with 1-mm-deep permanent needles. RESULTS: From April 2021 to March 2022, 72 patients were included in the analysis. Fifty-nine patients received corrAC, whereas 13 received a noncorresponding AC (nonAC) as an internal control. Patients receiving corrAC showed a significant reduction (74%) in pain at 5 min after treatment (p < 0.0001) and a significant increase (37%) in the pain threshold (p < 0.0001). In this group, a significant increase in skin temperature above G1, G3, G4, and G5 was observed. Patients receiving nonAC showed neither significant pain reduction nor significant changes in pain threshold. The skin above G3 and G4 did not reveal temperature changes. CONCLUSION: Checkpoint AC may be an effective tool in postoperative pain therapy after bariatric surgery. Vegetative functional involvement might be associated with pain relief.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Laparoscopia , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Solid-state electrolytes are a promising family of materials for the next generation of high-energy rechargeable lithium batteries. Polymer electrolytes (PEs) have been widely investigated due to their main advantages, which include easy processability, high safety, good mechanical flexibility, and low weight. This review presents recent scientific advances in the design of versatile polymer-based electrolytes and composite electrolytes, underlining the current limitations and remaining challenges while highlighting their technical accomplishments. The recent advances in PEs as a promising application in structural batteries are also emphasized.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to systematically review the published literature in relation to the estimated indirect costs associated with TTH. DESIGN: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items Statement for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes (PRISMA). DATA SOURCES: The review was performed in two main databases, PubMed and EconLit, and was completed with the gray literature search. STUDY SELECTION: The basic criterion for the inclusion of studies was that they present at least one measure of indirect costs specific to TTH. DATA EXTRACTION: 12 studies were finally selected for information extraction. Of all the selected articles, the characteristics of the study design, the types of costs included, as well as the measurement instrument, and the main results were synthesized. RESULTS: The search yielded a total of 568 studies. Heterogeneity was found in the designs and samples/populations of the included studies. Only two studies estimated direct and indirect costs for TTH. Among the most notable results, we find an estimated moderate impact of disability due to TTH (between 0.037 and 0.15 per person, 0.06-0.09% for the population). Productivity and efficiency losses were observed and were very heterogeneous. The willingness to pay for effective treatment would range from $1.32 to $9.20 per month. Quality of life is low, between 28.2 and 28.4 points out of 100, and health-related quality of life seems to improve significantly with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high heterogeneity of the results, we can conclude that tension headache is characterized by a moderate impact on disability, on productivity and efficiency at work or school, and on the quality of life of those who suffer it.
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Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Enquadramento: É fundamental a importância de um enfermeiro comunicar com efetividade, seja para os clientes que cuidam, para as instituições com que colaboram ou para a classe que representam. O curso de licenciatura em enfermagem (CLE) em Portugal enfrenta desafios externos e internos que podem comprometer o processo de desenvolvimento de competências de comunicação clínica (CCC), fundamentais para a construção da identidade individual e profissional. Na ausência de evidência sobre este processo, desenvolve-se este estudo. Objetivo: Conhecer o processo utilizado nas escolas superiores de enfermagem portuguesas no desenvolvimento de CCC nos estudantes de licenciatura em enfermagem. Pretende-se identificar obstáculos pedagógicos, conteúdos lecionados e as metodologias de ensino e avaliação destas competências. Metodologia: A Maio de 2019 contactam-se via email todas as instituições de ensino superior em Portugal que lecionam o CLE, remetendo um questionário estruturado e previamente testado com peritos na área das CCC. A recolha de dados foi articulada com os docentes que lecionam a temática das CCC e com os alunos do CLE. O estudo é exploratório e descritivo, do tipo quantitativo. Através do SPSS v.25.0 analisaram-se medidas de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Todas as 40 escolas de enfermagem (públicas e privadas) de Portugal foram contactadas, tendo obtido feedback de 31. Os resultados demonstram que (1) é dada elevada importância ao desenvolvimento de CCC pelos inquiridos, (2) existem barreiras identificadas no desenvolvimento destas competências, (3) o processo de desenvolvimento de CCC é muito heterogéneo entre instituições de ensino. Conclusões: O processo de desenvolvimento de CCC é dotado de grande variabilidade entre instituições de ensino, seja quanto ao momento em que são lecionadas, conteúdos ministrados (quantidade, qualidade e diversidade), mas também metodologias pedagógicas e de avaliação adotadas. Apesar de mais estudos serem necessários, os dados obtidos deste estudo reforçam a necessidade de melhoria do currículo de CCC, de forma helicoidal, ao longo do CLE em Portugal.
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Enfermagem , Comunicação , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Educação em EnfermagemRESUMO
This case presents a minimal invasive alternative for the treatment of subhyaloid hemorrhages. Young, female, 32 years old, with no regular medication and with no personal or ophthalmological history, reports a sudden and profound decrease in visual acuity after an episode of vomiting, with 2 days of evolution. After funduscopic observation and complementary diagnostic tests, subhyaloid hemorrhage was detected and laser hyaloidotomy was performed, with restoration of visual acuity after 1 week. Nd:YAG laser treatment made it possible to quickly restore the visual acuity of the patient after following diagnostic procedures, avoiding other types of treatments, such as pars plana vitrectomy. This case reports a Valsalva retinopathy with clinical presentation in the form of subhyaloid hemorrhage after an episode of self-limited vomiting, effectively treated with Nd: YAG laser.
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Vacina BNT162/administração & dosagem , COVID-19/imunologia , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/administração & dosagem , Gamopatia Monoclonal de Significância Indeterminada/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo Latente/imunologia , Vacinação , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacina BNT162/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Resumo Enquadramento: A formação de especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação sofreu sucessivas transformações, sob influência de diferentes contextos. Objetivos: Descrever a evolução da formação de enfermeiros de reabilitação em Portugal, tendo em conta as alterações no conteúdo dos planos de estudo. Metodologia: Recolha documental no Diário da República, com análise e interpretação hermenêutica das fontes com referência à especialidade de enfermagem de reabilitação, publicadas entre 1963 e 2005. Resultados: Em 1963 o Ministério do Ultramar refere a necessidade de incluir enfermeiras especialistas de reabilitação. A especialidade sofre alterações no conteúdo programático, consolidando-se no ensino superior português em 2002. Conclusão: Os planos de estudo desenvolvem-se com o contributo da crescente complexidade dos serviços de saúde, bem como da visão que a sociedade tinha da profissão. A necessidade de promover a readaptação de pessoas portadoras de deficiência também moldou o ensino ao longo dos anos.
Abstract Background: The education/training of specialists in Rehabilitation Nursing has undergone successive transformations under the influence of different contexts. Objectives: To describe the evolution of the education/training of rehabilitation nurses in Portugal, considering changes in the content of study plans. Methodology: Documentary collection in the Portuguese Official Journal (Diário da República), with hermeneutic analysis and interpretation of the sources with reference to the specialty of rehabilitation nursing, published between 1963 and 2005. Results: In 1963, the Ministry of Overseas referred to the need of including rehabilitation nurses. The study plan contents of the specialty changed until they consolidated in the Portuguese higher education in 2002. Conclusion: Study plans are greatly influenced by the growing complexity of health services and how the society views the profession. The need to promote the readaptation of people with disabilities has also shaped education/training over the years.
Resumen Marco contextual: La formación de especialistas en enfermería de rehabilitación ha experimentado sucesivas transformaciones, influidas por diferentes contextos. Objetivos: Describir la evolución de la formación de los enfermeros de rehabilitación en Portugal, teniendo en cuenta los cambios en el contenido de los planes de estudio. Metodología: Recopilación documental en el Diario de la República, con análisis e interpretación hermenéutica de las fuentes con referencia a la especialidad de enfermería de rehabilitación, publicadas entre 1963 y 2005. Resultados: En 1963 el Ministerio de Ultramar mencionó la necesidad de incluir a enfermeros especializados en rehabilitación. La especialidad experimenta cambios en el contenido programático y se consolida en la enseñanza superior portuguesa en 2002. Conclusión: Los planes de estudio se elaboran con la contribución de la creciente complejidad de los servicios de salud, así como de la visión que la sociedad tenía sobre la profesión. La necesidad de promover la rehabilitación de las personas con discapacidades también ha conformado la educación a lo largo de los años.
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PURPOSE: To assess the outcomes of vitrectomy with or without cataract surgery for the treatment of idiopathic ERM in phakic eyes and evaluate predictors of functional and anatomical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of consecutive phakic ERM eyes distributed in three groups: a) combined (phacovitrectomy) group, b) PPV-only group, and c) consecutive group (PPV followed by cataract surgery). Main outcomes were final visual acuity (VA) and cystoid macular edema (CME) occurrence. Potential predictors of VA or CME included clinical variables and SD-OCT parameters. RESULTS: A total of 108 eyes were included in this study. There were no differences in the final VA between consecutive and combined groups (0.22 vs 0.10 logMAR, p = 0.851). Twelve eyes from the combined group (23%) and one eye from the PPV-only group presented CME (p = 0.001). There were no differences between postoperative CME occurrence in combined versus consecutive group (12 vs 7, p = 0.38). The presence of cotton-ball sign predicted the development of CME [OR 2.86 (95%CI 1.01-8.18), p = 0.049] while separated ERM-ILM complex was found to be protective [OR 0.25 (95%CI 0.08-0.77), p = 0.015]. CONCLUSIONS: Functional and anatomical results of PPV with ERM and ILM peeling combined with cataract surgery was equivalent to the consecutive procedure, with both strategies being effective. Separated ERM-ILM complex has prognostic value in these patients, as its presence at baseline was found to be protective for postoperative CME.
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Catarata , Membrana Epirretiniana , Edema Macular , Catarata/complicações , Catarata/diagnóstico , Membrana Epirretiniana/diagnóstico , Membrana Epirretiniana/cirurgia , Humanos , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/etiologia , Edema Macular/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , VitrectomiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ellipsoid zone (EZ) structural recovery, hole closure rate, and visual acuity improvement after inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of eyes affected by idiopathic macular holes (MH) that underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with inverted ILM flap technique in a tertiary center, over an 8-year period (2011-2019). The main outcomes were the postoperative qualitative analysis of EZ structure on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, hole closure rate, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement of ≥ 0.3 units in the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) scale. RESULTS: Our study included 76 eyes of 72 patients; 65% were female, with a mean age of 70 ± 8 years-old. Median (range) follow-up was 21 (3-92) months. Hole closure rate was 92%. Structural defects in EZ were observed in 66% of closed holes (EZ atrophy in 33%, EZ disruption in 22%, and EZ thinning in 11%). The mean final BCVA was 0.5 ± 0.4 logMAR (Snellen 20/63), but visual acuity improvement occurred in 80% of the eyes. Final BCVA was significantly worse in eyes with EZ atrophy compared with eyes with EZ disruption (0.75 vs. 0.36 logMAR, p = 0.004) and EZ thinning (0.75 vs. 0.32 logMAR, p = 0.015). In multivariate regression, minimum linear diameter (OR 1.01; IC 95% 1.01-1.02) independently predicted a final BCVA (logMAR) < 0.3 units. CONCLUSION: Inverted ILM flap technique provided a hole closure rate above 90%, similar to previous studies. Although the modest value of the final BCVA, a significant visual acuity improvement occurred in most eyes. Structural defects of EZ were found in more than half of closed MHs after surgery. Evidence of postoperative retinal atrophy was associated with a worse visual outcome.
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Perfurações Retinianas , Idoso , Membrana Basal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Acuidade Visual , VitrectomiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) increases with age, but some studies report a secondary peak in younger patients. Since visual recovery in RRD depends on surgical treatment and, considering the personal, social and economic burden of low vision in the working-age population, our purpose was to analyze the features and outcomes of RRD in young patients. METHODS: Clinical data of patients under 40 years old submitted to surgery for first time RRD, consecutively selected between 2016 and 2019, was analyzed. Patients with less than 3 months follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: Eighty-nine eyes from 89 patients were included. Mean age was 31.2 ± 7.8 years (minimum 10 years) and 56% were female gender. Most patients (63%) had high myopia. Pars plana vitrectomy (79%) alone, combined with scleral buckling (1%) or scleral buckling alone (20%) was performed. Primary anatomical success was 72%, and final anatomical success was 91%. Final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 29% of cases, but 28% remained under 20/400. The presence of myopia (p = 0.022), localized RRD (p = 0.007) and attached macula at presentation (p < 0.001) was associated with a better final visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Management of RRD in young patients must be thorough. In younger patients, anatomical outcomes may be worse than in older patients. Myopia may be recognized as a major risk factor for RRD in this age group, but also as a protective factor for retinal function after surgery.
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Descolamento Retiniano , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/epidemiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recurvamento da Esclera , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitrectomia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to better understand the epidemiological risk factors associated with severe eye injury of patients and the secondary objective was to evaluate functional outcomes of these severe eye injuries. METHODS: A retrospective, noncomparative cohort study of severe ocular trauma, in patients assessed in an emergency room from January 2004 to December 2018 at Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto was performed and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: This study included a total of 751 patients (758 eyes) suffering ocular trauma. Men had a higher rate of ocular trauma than women (81.4% vs 18.6%). The mean age was 48.9 years old. The most common types of injury were rupture (33.8%) and penetrating (20.9%). Work-related accidents were responsible for 19.3% of injuries. Home was the most common location of trauma (46.3%). In 8.8% of trauma the best corrected visual acuity at presentation was superior to 20/40 while in 6.5% of cases no light perception (NLP) was registered. In 44.8% of trauma the best corrected visual acuity at last follow-up visit (BCVAF) was superior to 20/40 while in 15.7% of cases NLP was registered. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological high-risk factors identified were: adult males, economic crisis, home, blunt objects in man and falls in woman. Future primary prevention should take into account these factors. This study also demonstrated an important visual impairment associated with severe ocular trauma, even with timely surgical treatment, with BCVAF of NLP in 15.7% of cases.
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Traumatismos Oculares , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Arts, Real-Time Video and Interactivity for Sustainability (ARTiVIS) is an ongoing collaborative research project investigating how real-time video, DIY surveillance technologies and sensor data can be used as a tool for environmental awareness, activism and artistic explorations. The project consists of a series of digital contexts for aesthetic contemplation of nature and civic engagement, aiming to foster awareness and empowerment of local populations through DIY surveillance. At the core of the ARTIVIS efforts are a series of interactive installations (namely B-Wind!, Hug@tree and Play with Fire), that make use of surveillance technologies and real-time video as raw material to promote environmental awareness through the emotion generated by real-time connections with nature. Throughout the project development, the surveillance concept has been shifting from the use of surveillance technology in a centralized platform, to the idea of veillance with distributed peer-to-peer networks that can be used for science and environmental monitoring. In this paper we present the history of the ARTiVIS project, related and inspiring work, describe ongoing research work and explore the present and future challenges of appropriating surveillance technology for artistic, educational and civic engagement purposes.
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Arte , Conscientização , Participação da Comunidade , Meio Ambiente , Tecnologia da Informação , Observação , Gravação em Vídeo , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Emoções , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Ativismo Político , Poder Psicológico , Rede Social , TecnologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes after a 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant between vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized eyes with chronic diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: This is a retrospective, comparative analysis of 43 eyes with chronic DME. All eyes were treated with a single 0.2 µg/day FAc implant and followed up for a mean period of 8.5 months (median, 6.0 months; range, 1-21 months). The patients with a 0.2 µg/day FAc implant were divided into 2 groups: 24 eyes which had undergone pars plana vitrectomy prior to 0.2 µg/day FAc (group 1) and 19 eyes which had not been vitrectomized (group 2). Outcome measures included mean changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, central subfield foveal thickness (CSFT), and intraocular pressure (IOP), and were measured prior to administration of the 0.2 µg FAc implant, in the first week, at month 1, and quarterly thereafter. RESULTS: Following the 0.2 µg/day FAc implant, the mean change in BCVA at the last observation point, from baseline, was +16.9 ± 3.39 (mean ± SE) letters (p ≤ 0.001) in group 1 and +8.2 ± 4.62 letters (p = 0.092) in group 2. From baseline, a gain of ≥15 letters was achieved in 37.5 and 36.8% of the eyes in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Additionally, an improvement in vision ≥20/40 in 29.2% of group 1 and 15.8% of group 2 was observed. The mean change in CSFT was -217.7 ± 40.8 µm and -155.6 ± 43.4 µm in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The mean change in IOP was +1.6 ± 0.7 mm Hg in group 1 and +0.8 ± 1.3 mm Hg in group 2, relative to baseline. At the last observation point, there were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (p > 0.05) in terms of their changes in BCVA, CSFT, and IOP. CONCLUSION: The results from the real-life practice study demonstrate that the 0.2 µg/day FAc implant is effective and well tolerated in vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized eyes of patients with chronic DME. Our results support the use of a 0.2 µg/day FAc implant to obtain long-term functional and anatomical improvements (mean, 8.5 months; median, 6.0 months) in vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized eyes.