RESUMO
Talin is a mechanosensitive adapter protein that couples integrins to the cytoskeleton. Talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1) shares 22% homology with the talin R7R8 rod domains, and is highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, although little is known about its function. Here we show that TLNRD1 is an α-helical protein structurally homologous to talin R7R8. Like talin R7R8, TLNRD1 binds F-actin, but because it forms a novel antiparallel dimer, it also bundles F-actin. In addition, it binds the same LD motif-containing proteins, RIAM and KANK, as talin R7R8. In cells, TLNRD1 localizes to actin bundles as well as to filopodia. Increasing TLNRD1 expression enhances filopodia formation and cell migration on 2D substrates, while TLNRD1 down-regulation has the opposite effect. Together, our results suggest that TLNRD1 has retained the diverse interactions of talin R7R8, but has developed distinct functionality as an actin-bundling protein that promotes filopodia assembly.
Assuntos
Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Pseudópodes/metabolismo , Talina/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto de Actina/ultraestrutura , Actinas/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Clonagem Molecular , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Chaperonas Moleculares/antagonistas & inibidores , Chaperonas Moleculares/química , Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica em alfa-Hélice , Multimerização Proteica , Pseudópodes/ultraestrutura , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Talina/genéticaRESUMO
Talin-1 is a key component of the multiprotein adhesion complexes which mediate cell migration, adhesion and integrin signalling and has been linked to cancer in several studies. We analysed talin-1 mutations reported in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database and developed a bioinformatics pipeline to predict the severity of each mutation. These predictions were then assessed using biochemistry and cell biology experiments. With this approach we were able to identify several talin-1 mutations affecting integrin activity, actin recruitment and Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 localization. We explored potential changes in talin-1 signalling responses by assessing impact on migration, invasion and proliferation. Altogether, this study describes a pipeline approach of experiments for crude characterization of talin-1 mutants in order to evaluate their functional effects and potential pathogenicity. Our findings suggest that cancer related point mutations in talin-1 can affect cell behaviour and so may contribute to cancer progression.
Assuntos
Adesão Celular/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Biologia Computacional , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Mutação Puntual , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Humanos , Talina/genéticaRESUMO
More than 250 proteins are associated with the formation of integrin adhesion complexes involving a vast number of complex interactions between them. These interactions enable adhesions to serve as dynamic and diverse mechanosignaling centers. Our laboratory focuses on the biochemical and structural study of these interactions to help unpick this complex network. Here, we describe the general pipeline of biochemical assays and methods we use. The chapter is split into two sections: (1) protein production and characterization and (2) biochemical assays for the characterization of binding between full-length proteins and/or specific regions of proteins with other proteins, peptides, and phospholipids. The suite of assays we use routinely includes circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for sample quality assessment, prior to biochemical analysis using NMR, fluorescence polarization (FP), microscale thermophoresis (MST), size-exclusion chromatography multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS), and pulldown/cosedimentation-based approaches. The results of our analysis feed into in vivo studies that allow for the elucidation of the biological role of each interaction.
Assuntos
Actinas/metabolismo , Dicroísmo Circular/métodos , Integrinas/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas/métodos , Actinas/genética , Adesão Celular , Cromatografia em Gel , Clonagem Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Humanos , Integrinas/genética , Mecanotransdução Celular , Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismoRESUMO
Focal adhesions are complex multi-molecular structures that link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix through integrin adhesion receptors and play a key role in regulation of many cellular functions. LAR (also known as PTPRF) is a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates PDGF signalling and localises to focal adhesions. We have observed that loss of LAR phosphatase activity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in reduced numbers of focal adhesions and decreased adhesion to fibronectin. To understand how LAR regulates cell adhesion we used phosphoproteomic data, comparing global phosphorylation events in wild-type and LAR phosphatase-deficient cells, to analyse differential kinase activity. Kinase prediction analysis of LAR-regulated phosphosites identified a node of cytoskeleton- and adhesion-related proteins centred on cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1). We found that loss of LAR activity resulted in reduced activity of CDK1, and that CDK1 activity was required for LAR-mediated focal adhesion complex formation. We also established that LAR regulates CDK1 activity through c-Abl and Akt family proteins. In summary, we have identified a new role for a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase in regulating CDK1 activity and hence cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.