Implementation of physiotherapy telerehabilitation before and post Covid-19 outbreak: A comparative narrative between South American countries and Australia.

The continuous development in telecommunication tech-nologies has created opportunities for health professionals to optimise healthcare delivery by adopting digital tools into rehabilitation programs (i.e., telerehabilitation). These tech-nological advances, along with the demographic and social characteristics of each country, have made the implementa-tion of telerehabilitation a disparate process across regions. We have gathered the experience of four countries (Australia, Chile, Brazil, and Colombia) in two different regions (Ocea-nia and South America) to recompile the history pre- and post-Covid-19 outbreak until January of 2021, the barriers to, and facilitators of telerehabilitation, and outline the future challenges for these countries.

[3D-printed hand prostheses function in adolescents with congenital hand amputation: A case series]. / Funcionalidad de prótesis de mano impresa en 3D en adolescentes con amputación congénita parcial de mano: Una serie de casos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of the 3D-printed Cyborg Beast prosthesis on upper limbs function in adolescents with congenital hand amputation. CLINICAL CASES: Five patients aged between 12 and 17 years, with congenital hand amputation were selected. All patients were from the Teletón Institute in Santiago, Chile. The patients were trained for prosthesis use in four sessions. Hand function was evaluated without prosthesis, at 1 and 4 months of use with the modified Bilan 400 points scale, and upper limb function perception was evaluated with the 'Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI)'. At 1 month and 4 months of use, the percentage change for hand functionality for the unaffected limbs was between -11% and -4%; and -9% and -2% for the affected limb. The percentage change for the upper limbs perceived function was -62%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the 3D-printed Cyborg Beast prosthesis was not a functional solution for the 5 patients included in this study. Future research is needed to improve the functionality of these types of 3D-printed hand prostheses.

Funcionalidad de prótesis de mano impresa en 3D en adolescentes con amputación congénita parcial de mano: una serie de casos / 3D-printed hand prostheses function in adolescents with congenital hand amputation: a case series

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el efecto de la prótesis impresa en 3D Cyborg Beast en la funcionalidad de miembros superiores (MMSS) en adolescentes con amputación congénita parcial de mano. Casos Clínicos: Se seleccionaron 5 pacientes entre 12 y 17 años con amputación congénita parcial de mano en el Instituto Teletón Santiago. Los pacientes fueron entrenados en el uso de la prótesis por 4 sesiones. Se evaluó la función basal (sin prótesis), al mes y los 4 meses de uso de la prótesis con la pauta Bilan 400 points modificada y la percepción de funcionalidad de MMSS sin y con prótesis con la "Upper Extremity Function Index (UEFI)". Al mes y 4 meses de uso, el porcentaje de cambio para funcionalidad de mano fue de -11% y -4% para la extremidad no afectada y de -9% y -2% para la afectada. El porcentaje de cambio para la percepción de funcionalidad de MMSS fue de -62%. Conclusiones: El uso de la prótesis de mano Cyborg Beast no fue una solución funcional para los 5 pacientes incluidos en este estudio. Futuras investigaciones son necesarias para poder mejorar la funcionalidad de estos diseños de prótesis impresa en tecnología 3D.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the effect of the 3D-printed Cyborg Beast prosthesis on upper limbs function in adolescents with congenital hand amputation. Clinical Cases: Five patients aged between 12 and 17 years, with congenital hand amputation were selected. All patients were from the Teletón Institute in Santiago, Chile. The patients were trained for prosthesis use in four sessions. Hand function was evaluated without prosthesis, at 1 and 4 months of use with the modified Bilan 400 points scale, and upper limb function perception was evaluated with the 'Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI)'. At 1 month and 4 months of use, the percentage change for hand functionality for the unaffected limbs was between -11% and -4%; and -9% and -2% for the affected limb. The percentage change for the upper limbs perceived function was -62%. Conclusions: The use of the 3D-printed Cyborg Beast prosthesis was not a functional solution for the 5 patients included in this study. Future research is needed to improve the functionality of these types of 3D-printed hand prostheses.

Experiences of the use of 3D printed hand ortoprosthesis (Cyborg Beast) in adolescents with congenital hand amputation and their main caregivers: A study of cases. / Experiencias del uso de ortoprótesis de mano impresa en 3D (Cyborg Beast) en adolescentes con amputación congénita de mano y sus cuidadores principales: Un estudio de casos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of using the 3D-printed prosthetic hand Cyborg Beast in ado lescents of Teletón Santiago with congenital hand amputation and their main caregivers who partici pated in a case study to evaluate the functionality of the prosthetic hand. CLINICAL CASE: Qualitative and descriptive research of case studies using semi-structured interviews with five adolescents with congenital hand amputation and their main caregivers. The information was transcribed and ana lyzed through open coding. Participants visualize the prosthesis as an opportunity for them by asso ciating it with normality. They also identify positive and negative characteristics, emphasizing in the latter. In addition, they described positive and negative effects produced when using the prosthesis, highlighting that the use of the prosthesis allows them to talk about their condition. Finally, im provement proposals for the prosthesis are presented, defining that the prototype must be corrected and change the age of the target population. CONCLUSIONS: The study is the first to investigate a little explored topic, allowing to provide information regarding the subjective experience of adolescents who use a prosthesis that currently has great media importance. The study participants reported dif ficulties in using the hand prosthesis, either due to materiality and design aspects. The prosthesis did not meet the expectations of use and esthetic.

Experiencias del uso de ortoprótesis de mano impresa en 3D (Cyborg Beast) en adolescentes con amputación congénita de mano y sus cuidadores principales: un estudio de casos / Experiences of the use of 3D printed hand ortoprosthesis (Cyborg Beast) in adolescents with congenital hand amputation and their main caregivers: a study of cases

OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia del uso de la ortoprótesis de mano impresa en 3D Cyborg Beast, en adolescentes usuarios de Teletón Santiago con amputación congénita de mano y sus cuidadores principales, que participaron en un estudio de casos para evaluar la funcionalidad de la mano proté sica. CASO CLÍNICO: Investigación de estudio de casos de tipo descriptivo, mediante entrevistas semi- estructuradas a cinco adolescentes con amputación congénita de mano y a sus cuidadores principales, las cuales fueron transcritas y analizadas mediante codificación abierta. Los participantes visualizan la ortoprótesis como una oportunidad para ellos asociándola a la normalidad. Asimismo, identificaron características positivas y negativas, enfatizando en estas últimas. Además, describieron efectos positivos y negativos producidos al utilizar la prótesis, destacando que el uso de la prótesis les permite ha blar sobre su condición. Finalmente, se presentan propuestas de mejora para la prótesis, definiéndose que se debe corregir el prototipo y cambiar la edad de la población objetivo. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio se configura como pionero al investigar un tema poco explorado, permitiendo entregar información respecto de la experiencia subjetiva de adolescentes que utilizan una ortoprótesis que actualmente tiene gran importancia mediática. Los participantes del estudio relataron dificultades para usar la ortoprótesis de mano, ya sea por aspectos de materialidad y diseño. La ortoprótesis no cumplió las expectativas de uso y estética.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of using the 3D-printed prosthetic hand Cyborg Beast in ado lescents of Teletón Santiago with congenital hand amputation and their main caregivers who partici pated in a case study to evaluate the functionality of the prosthetic hand. CLINICAL CASE: Qualitative and descriptive research of case studies using semi-structured interviews with five adolescents with congenital hand amputation and their main caregivers. The information was transcribed and ana lyzed through open coding. Participants visualize the prosthesis as an opportunity for them by asso ciating it with normality. They also identify positive and negative characteristics, emphasizing in the latter. In addition, they described positive and negative effects produced when using the prosthesis, highlighting that the use of the prosthesis allows them to talk about their condition. Finally, im provement proposals for the prosthesis are presented, defining that the prototype must be corrected and change the age of the target population. CONCLUSIONS: The study is the first to investigate a little explored topic, allowing to provide information regarding the subjective experience of adolescents who use a prosthesis that currently has great media importance. The study participants reported dif ficulties in using the hand prosthesis, either due to materiality and design aspects. The prosthesis did not meet the expectations of use and esthetic.

Rehabilitación virtual en la intervención de terapia ocupacional / Virtual rehabilitation in occupational therapy intervention

Justificación: La rehabilitación se ha visto influenciado por los avances tecnológicos como una opción para el proceso de rehabilitación de personas en situación de discapacidad. Estos dispositivos permiten centrarse en una tarea en un entorno simulado, fenómeno que ha sido denominado Rehabilitación Virtual (RHV). En Chile esta técnica ha sido usada por Terapeutas Ocupacionales, no obstante, la evidencia científica nacional sobre su efectividad es escasa y la aplicación cada vez más frecuente. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio con objetivo de comprender los fundamentos y protocolos de aplicación de la RHV desde la disciplina. Se analizaron tres entrevistas a Terapeutas Ocupacionales que utilizaron la RHV en instituciones privadas de Santiago de Chile, durante el año 2012, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica. Resultados: Se evidencia similitudes y diferencias respecto a la conceptualización teórica, implementación y metodología de trabajo, así como criterios de selección de participantes, consideraciones, ventajas y desventajas. Discusión: Se constató que el uso de consolas posee características favorables para ser utilizado como foco terapéutico, es altamente motivante y ofrece variadas posibilidades de acuerdo a cada consola. Así mismo, se corrobora que el carácter inmersión de la realidad virtual es un aspecto bien valorado por los beneficiarios y útil para el proceso de rehabilitación.

Justification: The rehabilitation has been influenced by technological advances as an option for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities. These devices let you focus on a task in a simulated environment, a phenomenon that has been called Virtual Rehabilitation (VRH). In Chile this technique has been used by Occupational Therapists, however, the national scientific evidence on their effectiveness is scarce and increasingly frequent application. Methodology: An exploratory qualitative research aimed at understanding the fundamentals and application protocols the RHV from the discipline. Three interviews were analyzed to Occupational Therapists who used the RHV in private institutions of Santiago, Chile, in 2012, from the phenomenological perspective. Results: We found similarities and differences in theoretical conceptualization, implementation and methodology and participant selection criteria, considerations, advantages and disadvantages. Discussion: We found that the use of consoles has favorable characteristics for use as a therapeutic focus, is highly motivating and offers many possibilities according to each console. Also, it is confirmed that the immersive nature of virtual reality is an aspect appreciated by the beneficiaries and useful to the rehabilitation process.

Estrés percibido y satisfacción laboral después del terremoto Ocurrido el 27 de febrero de 2010 en la zona centro-sur de Chile / Perceived stress and job satisfaction after the earthquake of February 27 2010 occurred in the Central-South Zone of Chile

Se analizan los efectos del terremoto del 27 de Febrero de 2010 sobre los niveles de estrés percibido y la satisfacción laboral en una empresa productiva chilena que había sido sometida exitosamente a un proceso de intervención en prevención de riegos antes del terremoto. Un total de 168 trabajadores de esta empresa fueron evaluados con 2 instrumentos, la Escala de Estrés Percibido (Cohen, Kamarck y Mermelstein, 1983) y el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral (Meliá y Peiró, 1989). Los resultados indicaron que pese a que los trabajadores mostraron altos niveles de estrés, su nivel de satisfacción laboral se mantuvo igualmente alto que aquel obtenido después de la intervención. Estos resultados indican que si bien los acontecimientos catastróficos evidencian altos niveles de estrés, la intervención probablemente actuó como factor protector contra las consecuencias psicológico-laboral es de la tragedia. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con el modelo ITP de Williams y Cooper (1998).

The present study examines the effects of the February 27 2010 earthquake on perceived stress and job satisfaction in a Chilean company which had been exposed to a successful program of intervention on risk prevention. A total of 168 workers were assessed with 2 questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck y Mermelstein, 1983) and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Meliá y Peiró, 1989). The results indicate that despite the fact that perceived stress increased in the participants after the quake, job satisfaction was maintained at high levels. These results may mean that the program of intervention conducted prior to the earthquake, served as a protective factor against the psycho-laboural detrimental effects of stress. These findings are consistent with Williams and Cooper's (1998) IPT model.