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1.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 27(1): 8-15, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21072444

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the indigenous inhabitants affected by tuberculosis (TB) in Peru during the year 2008. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive observational study, performed from August to December 2009, including all indigenous patients affected by tuberculosis that were including in the Control Program during the year 2008 in the 25 regions of Peru. RESULTS: We identified 702 indigenous patients with tuberculosis. The ethnical groups that have most patients were the Quechua group (417/702; 59.4%) and the Amazonic indigenous (201/702, 28.6%). Out of the Amazonic, more than 60% belonged to the Ashaninka (Campas), Shipibo and Matsiguenga groups. In third place, we found the Aymara natives, who had 84/702 (11.97%) of cases of tuberculosis. It is important to mention that the distribution of the cases of multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) involves five departments (nine cases of MDR TB), being the greater number of cases of MDR TB in patients previously treated (6/9), and only 3 cases were primary MDR TB, belonging to the quechua group. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence rates of tuberculosis in indigenous population have been found, which raises the need of further research in order to guarantee the correct gathering of information in ethnic groups in order to have more and better evidence about the situation of tuberculosis in the indigenous population of Peru.


Assuntos
Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diversidade Cultural , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Adulto Jovem
2.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 27(1): 8-15, ene.-mar. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-564510

RESUMO

Objetivos. Identificar a los pobladores indígenas afectados por tuberculosis (TB) en el Perú durante el año 2008. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado de agosto a diciembre de 2009, que incluyó a los pacientes indígenas afectados por tuberculosis que ingresaron al programa durante el año 2008, de las 25 regiones delPerú; los cuales se presentan en tablas y gráficos elaborados en SPSS 16.0 y Excell 2007. Resultados. Se identificó a 702 indígenas con tuberculosis. El grupo étnico que presenta la mayor cantidad de pacientes con TB son los quechuas(417/702; 59,4 por ciento), los indígenas amazónicos (201/702; 28,6 por ciento) de los cuales los grupos étnicos que presenta más del 60 por ciento de indígenas con TB, son los Ashaninka (Campas), Shipibo y Matsiguenga. En tercer lugar se encuentran los indígenas aymaras quienes presentaron (84/702; 11,97 por ciento de todos los pacientes diagnosticados con TB). Es importante mencionar que la distribución de los casos de tuberculosis multidrogoresistente involucra a cinco departamentos (nueve casos con TB MDR), siendo mayor el número de casos de TB MDR antes tratado 6/9, encontrándose sólo tres casos de TB MDR nuevos, pertenecientes al grupo indígena quechua. Conclusiones. Se han reportado altas tasas de incidenciaen población indígena, lo que hace necesario investigaciones más profundas que garanticen la adecuada recolección de información por grupos étnicos a fin de contar con una evidencia de mayor jerarquía acerca de la situación de la tuberculosis en población indígena del Perú.


Objective. To identify the indigenous inhabitants affected by tuberculosis (TB) in Peru during the year 2008. Material and methods. Descriptive observational study, performed from August to December 2009, including all indigenous patients affected by tuberculosis that were including in the Control Program during the year 2008 in the 25 regions of Peru. Results. We identified 702 indigenous patients with tuberculosis. The ethnical groups that have most patients were the Quechua group (417/702; 59.4 per cent) and the Amazonic indigenous (201/702, 28.6 per cent). Out of the Amazonic, more than 60 per cent belonged to the Ashaninka (Campas), Shipibo and Matsiguenga groups. In third place, we found the Aymara natives, who had 84/702 (11.97 per cent) of cases of tuberculosis. It is important to mention that the distribution of the cases of multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) involves five departments (nine cases of MDR TB), being the greater number of cases of MDR TB in patients previously treated (6/9), and only 3 cases were primary MDR TB, belonging to the quechua group. Conclusions. High incidence rates of tuberculosis in indigenous population have been found, which raises the need offurther research in order to guarantee the correct gathering of information in ethnic groups in order to have more and better evidence about the situation of tuberculosis in the indigenous population of Peru.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diversidade Cultural , Povos Indígenas , Tuberculose , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Peru
3.
Rev. peru. epidemiol. (Online) ; 13(1)2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-619909

RESUMO

Objetivos: Describir la situación de la tuberculosis en distritos aimaras del Perú, en términos de incidencia y mortalidad, y la relación con la altura y otros indicadores sociales. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico tomando como unidad de análisis a todos los distritos aimaras del país, comparándolos con los no aimaras, en altura, población con alta dependencia económica, población con al menos una necesidad básica insatisfecha (NBI), y hacinamiento.Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal, que fue complementado con investigación cualitativa. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 12.0, y Excel. Resultados: En los distritos aimaras estudiados, se identificó una incidencia promedio de tuberculosis pulmonar frotis positivo (TBP FP) de 33.35 por 100 000 habitantes, con un máximo de 399.39 por 100 000 habitantes, se encontró que las variables estudiadas (población con alta carga o dependencia económica, población con al menos una NBI, hacinamiento y altitud) explicaban parcialmente el modelo (R2 = 0.468), mostrando un R = 0.68. Se identificaron los condicionantes culturales como externo, referido a la migración estacional por trabajo a zonas productivas, y como cultural interactuante, referido a la relación entre la cultura que migra y la que acoge, modificando sus estilos de vida como alimentación y en consecuencia la salud. Conclusiones: Se ha observado que la altura no es el único factor que explica el modelo y que los otros factores sociales estudiados, así como el factor cultural, intervienen para explicar la incidencia de tuberculosis en aimaras.


Objectives: To describe the situation of TB in aimara districts from Peru, in terms of incidence and mortality, and the relationship with altitude and other social indicators. Methods: An ecological study, having as a unit of analysis all the aimara districts of the country, compared with non-aimara districts, by altitude, people with high economic dependence, people with at least one unmet basic need, and overcrowding. We performed a regression analysis, which was complemented with qualitative research methods. For the quantitative analysis we use the statistical program SPSS 12.0 and Excel. Results: In the aimara districts studied, we identified an incidence of smear positive pulmonary TB (TBP FB) of 33.35 per 100 000 habitants, with a maximum of 399.39 per 100 000 habitants, it was found that the variables studied (people with high load or economic dependence,people with at least one unmet basic needs, overcrowding and altitude) partially explain the model (R2 = 0.468), showing an R = 0.68. Cultural conditions were identified as external, related to seasonal migration for work in productive areas, and as cultural interactive, referring to the relationship between the culture that migrates and the one that welcomes, changing lifestyles such as food and thus health. Conclusions: We observed that the altitude is not the only factor that explains the model and that the other factors studied, like social and cultural factors, are involved to explain the incidence of tuberculosis in aimara populations.


Assuntos
Humanos , Povos Indígenas , Tuberculose , Estudos Ecológicos , Peru
4.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 25(1): 59-65, ene.-mar. 2008. mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-564667

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer el cuadro clínico, formas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes que presentan el síndrome conocido como chacho y cuál es su prevalencia sentida en cinco distritos de Ayacucho. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, que incluyó dos grupos de participantes, el primero (95) fueron pobladores o familiares de éstos, que alguna vez en su vida presentaron chacho, el segundo grupo (11) constituido por curanderos de cada comunidad. Resultados. El chacho (alcanzo, hapiruzqa en quechua), se considera como una enfermedad de origen mágico, caracterizada por presentar fiebre, malestar general, rechazo a algunos derivados lácteos y carne de chancho; en la mayoría de los pacientes se menciona el antecedente de descanso cercano a un cerro o dormir en el suelo (tierra). El tiempo de duración de la enfermedad fue menor de una semana en promedio y se evidenció que el tratamiento incluye, el consumo de gasolina, creso, kerosene, así como el pagapo (pago a la tierra). El consumo de medicamentos agrava la condición de salud del paciente. La prevalencia sentida varió entre 9,1 a 38,0 casos por mil habitantes y la mortalidad sentida entre 3,8 a 16,8 por diez mil habitantes. Conclusiones. El chacho es un síndrome cultural vigente, que debeser reconocido y abordado por el personal de salud, brindándonos así la oportunidad, de armonizar los conocimientos ancestrales de la medicina tradicional con los biomédicos actuales.


Objectives. Knowing the clinical features, diagnose and treatment for patients with the syndrome mean as chacho and what is its perceived prevalence in five districts of Ayacucho (Peruvian Central Andes). Material and methods. Qualiquantitative study, which included two groups of participants, the first (95) were residents or relatives of those who have ever had in your life chacho, the second group (11) formed by traditional healers of every community. Resultados. Chacho (alcanzo, hapiruzqa in quechua), is regarded as a disease of magical origin, characterized by fever, malaise, rejection of some dairy products and pork, in most patients referred the antecedent of a to rest near hill or sleep on the floor (ground ). The duration of the disease was less than a week on average and it was shown that treatment includes the consumption of gasoline, creso (disinfectant), kerosene, as well as the pagapo (Andean ritual of payment to the ground). The consumption of drugs worsens the health condition of patients. Perceived prevalence ranged between 9.1 to 38.0 cases per thousand people habitants, and perceived mortality from 3.8 to 16.8 per ten thousand habitants. Conclusions. Chacho is a present cutlural syndrome, which must be recognized and addressed by health personnel, thus giving them the opportunity to bring the ancestral knowledge of traditional medicine with the current biomedical.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diversidade Cultural , Medicina Tradicional , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento , Peru
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