RESUMO
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the USA. For over twenty years, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been characterized extensively in development and disease. The dysregulation of this process in cancer has been identified as a mechanism by which epithelial tumors become more aggressive, allowing them to survive and invade distant tissues. This occurs in part due to the increased expression of the EMT transcription factor, SNAI1 (Snail). In the case of epithelial ovarian cancer, Snail has been shown to contribute to cancer invasion, stemness, chemoresistance, and metabolic changes. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing current findings on the role of EMT (specifically, factors downstream of Snail) in determining ovarian cancer aggressiveness.
RESUMO
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a form of skin cancer that can be treated using a procedure known as Mohs surgery. Mohs surgery is a safe and effective procedure for eliminating SCC. This surgery requires the usage of an analgesic known as lidocaine. Additional anesthetics were also reported to be necessary for this procedure to be conducted in a manner that significantly minimizes patient harm. According to the review, it was found that SCC was treated with lidocaine as a topical analgesic outside of Mohs surgery. This review analyzes the usage of lidocaine in the treatment of SCC. It was also discovered that lidocaine, as an agent, has the potential to slow the progression of SCC, but more research is needed to see if this is truly the case. On average, it was reported that the concentration of lidocaine used in the in vivo studies was significantly higher than that in the in vitro investigations. Further exploration may be needed to verify the conclusions that were based on the analysis of the papers within the review.
RESUMO
When laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery is employed for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, the process requires the usage of anesthetics to ensure that there is minimal patient harm and negative consequences once the procedure is complete. Statistical analysis was conducted as part of this review to evaluate the application of and distinctions between the different analgesics used for LASIK surgery by compiling and filtering information from multiple research studies. Topically administered oxybuprocaine and proparacaine were found to be the most commonly used anesthetics for LASIK, according to the data included in the review. It was also determined that there were no significant differences in terms of patient outcomes and drug concentrations when proparacaine was substituted for oxybuprocaine. This is particularly intriguing given their different chemical compositions. Temporary dry eyes were the most commonly reported adverse effect of LASIK when the anesthetic was employed. Perhaps cocaine derivatives produce similar anesthetic and post-surgical effects, but further investigations are needed to verify this hypothesis.