An overview regarding the relationship between Mollicutes, infertility and antibiotic resistance (Review).

Throughout the past decades, physicians have increasingly conferred regarding the role of Mollicutes in infertility in both male and female patients. Although Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma do not represent a leading cause of infertility, whether dermatovenerologists, gynecologists and urologists should not disregard them when screening patients with infertility problems is discussed in the present review. While these infections are completely asymptomatic in ~80% of cases, they do lead to both chronic inflammation of the genital tract and reproductive disorders. Different Mollicute strains and/or serovars, genomic traits and proteomic markers have been examined in order to understand not only the exact mechanism by which they cause infertility, but also their relationship with the worldwide spreading resistance to antibiotics. The current review provided an overview of the latest studies regarding the new findings on the relationship between Mollicutes, infertility and antibiotic resistance. Awareness should be raised among clinicians to screen sexually active adults wishing to conceive who have failed to achieve a pregnancy; in addition, an antibiogram should be performed and treatment should be carried out according to the guidelines.

Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum), Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in a Romanian population considering the presence or absence of genital symptoms. Urethral and vaginal samples were collected from patients presenting at 'Ponderas' Academic Hospital (Bucharest, Romania) from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 266 samples were obtained from two groups of patients: Symptomatic subjects with urethritis, prostatitis, vaginitis or both urethritis and prostatitis (n=59; 22%), and asymptomatic subjects (n=207; 78%). Mycoplasma and Chlamydia kits were used to assess the presence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis, and C. trachomatis, respectively. The symptomatic subjects comprised 27 patients with urethritis symptoms, of whom 4 (15%) were infected with U. urealyticum and 1 (4%) was infected with C. trachomatis. In addition, 23 (9%) of the patients had prostatitis-like symptoms, which in 3 (13%) of the patients was associated with U. urealyticum and in 1 patient (4%) was associated with C. trachomatis. None of the symptomatic patients were infected with M. hominis. By contrast, 29 (14%) of the asymptomatic patients were discovered to be infected with U. urealyticum, 13 (6%) were coinfected with both Mollicutes and 4 (2%) were infected with C. trachomatis; only 1 patient was positive for M. hominis alone. Two patients (14%) who presented with U. urealyticum and M. hominis coinfection were also infected with C. trachomatis. No patient with U. urealyticum or M. hominis alone was also positive for C. trachomatis. Therefore, the most frequently identified pathogen populating the genital tract in both males and females was U. urealyticum, followed by coinfection with U. urealyticum and M. hominis, and C. trachomatis. As these infections are asymptomatic in numerous cases, this suggests that a thorough screening should be mandatory.

Monkeypox 2022: Dermatologists in the frontline on the edge of a new pandemic: A case report.

The world is on the edge of a new pandemic due to the monkeypox virus, an endemic virus from Africa with occurrences in the western hemisphere due to international travel. Contact with respiratory droplets, skin lesions, or bodily fluids from infected animals, direct or indirect contact with contaminated fomites can lead to transmission. A prolonged close contact is required in order for the infection to be spread. The lesions start as papules or macules, develop into pustules, umbilicated vesicles, ulcers, and, finally, into crusty scabs, similar to smallpox. No specific clinically proven treatments for monkeypox infection are currently available, although there are some preventive measures that can be taken. The present study presented the case of a homosexual man with genital monkeypox infection. Currently, there are five confirmed cases of monkeypox in Romania and its incidence is continuously rising. Therefore, dermatovenerologists all over the world should be prepared to recognize the disease, as well as take preventive measures in order to avoid another global pandemic.

Buschke-Löwenstein tumors: A series of 7 case reports.

Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA), or Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), represents an infrequent sexually transmitted disease (STD), caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), especially genotype 6 or 11. There are numerous risk factors for HPV, such as multiple sexual partners, homosexuality, prostitution, chronic genital infections, as well as the lack of proper hygiene. HPV infection is a field infection, where large areas of cells at a tissue surface are affected by the HPV virus; therefore, once the GCA is excised, treatment of the whole affected genital area needs to be undertaken. The treatment is classified into topical therapy (podophyllin, 5-FU, radiotherapy, topical photodynamic therapy), excisional therapy (CO2 laser, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, surgery) and immunotherapy (imiquimod). However, the 'gold standard' therapy is represented by wide surgical excision without grafting, since it is considered that healing per secundam is an improved approach, because there is no risk of recurrences on fibrotic tissue. A total of 7 cases of the BLT with comorbidities and particularities are presented and it is recommended that it be taken into consideration that the incidence of the disease is increasing, emphasizing the importance of an early diagnosis, as well as an adequate treatment.

Cutaneous sarcoidosis of the scalp unmasking systemic involvement: A case report.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause that affects any organ, especially the lungs, eyes, lymph nodes and skin. Skin sarcoidosis occurs in about one-fourth of patients with systemic disease and may also arise in isolation. Skin lesions are divided into two groups, as follows: specific skin lesions where histologic examination shows the typical sarcoid granulomas and non-specific skin lesions. Specific lesions are lupus pernio, infiltrated plaques, maculopapular eruptions, subcutaneous nodules and scars. The most significant non-specific skin lesion seen in sarcoidosis is erythema nodosum. Cutaneous sarcoidosis is known as the 'great imitator' in dermatology, because it can mimic a vast variety of cutaneous lesions. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is made by exclusion and is supported by the recognition of specific clinical features, the detection of classic histopathologic findings and the exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. We present a case report concerning a single, solitary and asymptomatic lesion on the scalp.