The Effects of Assisted and Resisted Plyometric Training Programs on Vertical Jump Performance in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Traditional, assisted and resisted plyometrics are considered to be effective training methods for improving vertical jump performance. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare effectiveness of traditional, assisted and resisted plyometric methods on vertical jumping ability in adults. Available literature was searched using MEDLINE (via EBSCO), SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO), Scopus and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Peer-reviewed studies were accepted only if they met all eligibility criteria: (a) healthy adults mean age > 18 years (b) training program based on plyometric exercises (c) the study reported on vertical jump height for the countermovement jump or drop jump performance. Of the 5092 articles identified, 17 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Both funnel plot analysis and Egger's test (p = 0.04) indicated publication bias for the comparison of resisted plyometrics and control condition. No publication bias was found for the other meta-analyses (p > 0.05). The effects of the traditional and assisted plyometric methods, when compared with the control condition (a non-plyometric condition), on jump height were moderate (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.99, p < 0.0001; SMD = 0.70, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.20, p = 0.006, respectively). The effects of the resisted plyometric methods, when compared with the control condition, on a jump height was small (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.79, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences between the training effects of the assisted and traditional plyometric interventions on jump height (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI -1.66 to 2.91, p = 0.59), nor between the resisted and traditional plyometric training programs (SMD = 0.2, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.23, p = 0.86). Traditional, assisted and resisted plyometric methods are effective training modalities for augmenting vertical jump performance in healthy adults. Resisted and assisted plyometric methods are equally effective as the traditional plyometric method in improving vertical jumping ability in healthy adults.

Evolution in the approach to overlooked ureteral injuries after gynecological surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To analyzed the therapeutic results for patients with overlooked iatrogenic ureteral injuries after gynecological surgery, treated at the department since 1990. Before the era of endourology, ureteral injuries were operated on immediately after making a diagnosis. This approach was changed after the popularization of percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) and ureteral stenting using a JJ stent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 patients who were diagnosed with a ureteral injury between the first and sixty-fourth day after injury were included. Only PN was performed in 21 patients (group A). In 6 patients, a JJ stent was introduced either immediately after making a diagnosis or after PN (group B). RESULTS: In group A, a good therapeutic result was obtained in only 6 patients (28.6%). Of the 12 patients subjected to PN up to two weeks after injury, 5 had a good result without a need for repair surgery. Of the 9 patients with an injury diagnosed after 3 weeks, only one had a good therapeutic outcome. In Group B, a good result was achieved in 5 out of 6 patients. In 2 patients, a JJ stent was introduced immediately after making the diagnosis, and, in 3 patients, after PN. A successful attempt to "tunnelize" a complete and long obstruction in the sixth patient failed. CONCLUSIONS: Attempting to introduce a JJ stent should be the treatment of choice in patients with an overlooked iatrogenic ureteral injury. If an attempt to introduce the JJ stent fails, PN should be performed as a first step to manage the injury.

Re-innervation pattern of the 'neovagina' created from the bladder flap in patients with Mayer-Rokitanski-Kistner-Hauser syndrome: an immunochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Cystovaginoplasty (CVP) is a method of vaginal reconstruction in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kistner-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS). The neo-vagina allows normal sexual intercourses, but after CVP, the sexual life of patients with MRKHS does not differ significantly from normal females. Therefore, we decided to elucidate the pattern of sensory re-innervation of the bladder flap used for the surgery. METHODS: Biopsies were taken from vaginal vestibule and urinary bladder during the CVP and 1 year later in four patients with MRKHS. The following neurotransmitters were studied calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). RESULTS: CGRP and PACAP nerve fibres were sparse under the urothelium and in submucosal layer of the neovagina, they were more numerous around blood vessels and in the vicinity of smooth muscles. This was similar to the pattern observed in the urinary bladder. VIP- and GAL-positive nerve fibres were most numerous in the submucosa around blood vessels and in smooth muscle bundles of neovagina. They were distinctly less numerous beneath the epithelium. This innervation pattern mimicked that seen in normal vagina and in vaginal vestibule of patients with MRKHS. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate considerable nervous system plasticity in the bladder flap. Distribution of presumably sensory CGRP and PACAP immunoreactive nerve fibers was similar to the pattern observed within the intact bladder wall, and VIP or GAL immunoreactive nerve fibers (vasomotor functions) were distributed in a manner similar to that observed in the intact vaginal wall.

[Case report of live threatening complications due to self insertion of foreign body into the vagina for masturbation purpose]. / Samoistnie wprowadzone cialo obce do dróg rodnych--opis dramatu zyciowego pacjentki.

Authors have reported a case report of life threatening complications due to insertion of foreign bodies into the vagina, because of masturbation purpose. In this case subsequently came to perforation of the urinary bladder by the huge calculus that developed over the foreign body, and next to the peritoneum with development peritonitis and acute renal insufficiency with the need of dialysotherapy. After a number of surgical operations, the patient with a definitive percutaneous nephrostomy was discharged.

Twenty years of experience with Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty for vaginal agenesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: anatomical, histological, cytological and functional results.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term anatomical results using the original method of vaginal reconstruction with a pedicled bladder flap (Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty, CVP) in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and the evaluation of radiological, histological, cytohormonal and functional results of CVP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1981 and 2000, 38 patients (mean age 22.5 years, range 18-40) with MRKHS underwent CVP. A physical examination was used to evaluate the anatomical results, 27 patients had vaginography, and biopsies of the neovaginal wall and cytohormonal smears were taken in two. Functional sexual and urinary results, and opinions on CVP, were evaluated by an inventory mailed to 37 patients in 2000. RESULTS: The anatomical result was good in 37 patients during a mean (range) follow-up of 9 (0.25-19) years; the result was good in 30 patients, but seven developed vaginal stenosis that was successfully repaired. There were two cases of post-coital vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) at 18 months after CVP. Vaginal biopsies showed epithelialization of the posterior vaginal wall and gradual metaplastic changes from urothelium to stratified nonsquamous epithelium. Cytological smears showed a normal biphasic pattern and neovaginal susceptibility to hormonal milieu. In all, 27 patients (73%) responded to the questionnaire. All had sexual partners and started sexual intercourse at a mean of 14 months after CVP; 89% experience orgasms and in 48% the vagina was the source; 40% sometimes used lubricants and seven (26%) used vaginal dilators. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after CVP were reported by 19 (66%) of the women and in six the LUTS were persistent. One patient was not satisfied with the functional and anatomical result of CVP, 89% declared that it improved sexual life, 93% would undergo CVP again and in 92% the quality of their sexual life was improved. All patients, when asked, stated that they would recommend CVP to another patient with MRKHS. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal reconstruction by CVP is characterized by good anatomical and functional results, sustained by long-term observation. The resultant epithelium is very similar to that of the native vagina in histology and function. All vaginas are functional and the level of patient satisfaction was high. The level of complications was acceptable, but in some patients LUTS can persist.

[Epididymitis after prostatic adenomectomy--24-years observations]. / Zapalenie najadrzy po operacjach gruczolaka stercza--obserwacje 24-letnie.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors have retrospectively reviewed records of 6811 patients with BPH treated during the last 24 years who underwent suprapubic and transurethral adenomectomy to evaluate the incidence of postoperative epididymitis. RESULTS: Only in 44 cases was diagnosed acute postoperative epididymitis (0.64%). Most commonly the postoperative epididymitis was noted following transvesical adenomectomies (1.53%), less commonly following retropubic (Millin's) surgery (1.09%), and most rarely following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) (0.11%). It was observed that the postoperative epididymitis was closely associated with urinary tract infections (UTI). The most common pathogen isolated in the postoperative epididymitis were Gram negative bacteria. No difference was noted between two groups (our patients without prophylactic vasectomy compared with the data from literature with prophylactic vasectomy) in the incidence of postoperative epididymitis. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of postoperative epididymitis decreased significantly in the last two decades. Surgical techniques that allow for a shorter postoperative catheterization resulted in less frequent urinary tract infection which in turn led to decrease in the postoperative epididymitis. A course of suitable antibiotic therapy often permits to cure postoperative epididymitis without a need for surgery (70.45%). Vasectomy as the routine prophylactic intervention prior to prostatic surgery is no longer indicated.

Clinical, hormonal and sonographic features of the identical twins with Klinefelter syndrome--a case report.

A rare case of Klinefelter syndrome in identical twins is reported. Hormonal levels before and after hCG administration and testicular artery Doppler flow measurements are presented.

[Adenomatoid tumors of the testis and epididymis]. / Guzy adenomatoidalne jadra i najadrza.

The authors report 8 adenomatoid tumors treated in the Urology Department of the Medical Academy of Warsaw by organ sparing surgery during 1985-2003. Microscopic and immuno-histochemic investigations confirmed their benign character and histiogenesis. Follow-up of 6 treated patients, over 5-15 years did not reveal recurrence of the neoplasm. Two patients were treated this year and are under medical observation.

[History of vaginal reconstruction]. / Zarys historii metod wytwarzania pochwy.

The paper presents the outline of the history of vaginal reconstruction since antiquity, mainly in vaginal agenesis. The review presents first concepts of vaginoplasty originating from Hippocrates and Celsus, a few attempts of vaginal reconstruction in 18th-19th centuries nad moderate advances in the USA in 19th century. A breakthrough in this field was related to introduction of split thickness skin graft for covering neovaginal channel by Abbe at the turn of 19th and 20th century. Subsequent evolution of surgical techniques was based on Abbe's concept and was directed to finding an ideal material accelerating the epitheliazation of vaginal channel. At the turn of 20 and 21st century medical technology development e.g. laparoscopy played its role in this field of surgery too. Tissue engineering and molecular biology will definitely play increasing role in vaginal reconstruction. Conservative and minimally invasive methods of vaginal creation were also briefly discussed. The considerable input of Polish scientist into the development of both experimental and clinical problems of vaginoplasty is presented.

The naloxone test in Klinefelter syndrome.

UNLABELLED: AIM TO THE STUDY: The investigation of the influence of anti-opioid drug on hypophyseal and gonadal hormones secretion in case of Klinefelter syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The naloxone test (0,4 mg iv) was performed in 14 patients with Klinefelter syndrome aged from 19 to 32 and in 12 age matched control subjects with azoospermia and normal spermatogenesis in testicular histology. The plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol were established before and after 30, 60, 60 and 120 minutes respectively, following the drug administration. RESULTS: Basal FSH, prolactin and estradiol levels were significantly higher whereas basal testosterone was significantly lower in patients with Klinefelter syndrome than in the control group. After the naloxone administration the mean plasma prolactin level decreased significantly (p=0.01) in Klinefelter subjects. The respective diminution in control group was not significant. The levels of FSH and LH as well as testosterone and estradiol did not change during the naloxone test in both Klinefelter and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The naloxone administration in Klinefelter syndrome caused the decrease in plasma prolactin levels but did not affect the plasma level of another hypophyseal and gonadal hormones. The opioid controlled gonadotropin secretion is altered in case of Klinefelter syndrome.

[Clarocellular carcinoma of the kidney in coexistence with ovarian leiomyoma]. / Rak jasnokomórkowy nerki u pacjentki z miesniakiem gladkokomorkowym jajnika.

The study describes a rarely-occurred ovarian leiomyoma. This type of tumour placed in the left ovary in coexistence with carcinoma of the left kidney was found in the 70 years old female patient. In epidemiology, contrary to the type of kidney cancer with occurs most frequently, ovarian leiomyoma makes only 1% of indolent solid ovarian carcinoma.