Acute affective responses to high-intensity interval exercise: Implications on the use of different stimulus-recovery amplitudes.

The effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on affective responses is unclear due to the several variables of HIIE, which may be minimized by using derived variables (e.g. amplitude). The amplitude reflects the difference between stimulus and recovery intensities, being more representative of the physiological changes than central tendency variables such as average intensity. This study aimed to compare the affective responses in HIIE sessions in different amplitudes with a vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE) session. Eleven participants completed five sessions. The peak oxygen consumption (VO2Peak) and peak power (Wpeak) were measured. Participants performed one VICE and three HIIE sessions (10x[1min-90%WPeak/1min-50%WPeak]; 10x[1min-100%WPeak/1min-40%WPeak]; and 10x[1min-110%WPeak/1min-40%WPeak]). The exercise sessions were performed at the same average intensity (70%WPeak) and duration (20 min). The Feeling Scale (FS) was applied in each minute throughout the exercise sessions. Regarding the FS responses, a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction for FS (P=0.093) or main effect for condition (P=0.206) and time (P=0.078), indicating that irrespective of the amplitude of the HIIE, FS results were similar between conditions. The effect size (ES) analysis showed a small effect in favour of HIIE-90/50 (ES=0.30) and HIIE-100/40 (ES=0.26) and a null effect on HIIE-110/30 (ES=0.08) when compared to VICE. Chi-squared analysis showed no significant differences between conditions in the number of participants that reduced, maintained, or increased the FS from pre-exercise to last stimulus and recovery indicating a high variability of the affective responses. HIIE sessions provide similar affective responses when performed at the same average intensity, even with different amplitudes.Highlights HIIE amplitude reflects the difference between stimulus and recovery intensities and seems not to modulate the affective responses to HIIE sessions configured with different amplitudes.HIIE sessions performed at the same average intensity and different amplitudes result in similar affective responses.High inter-individual variability of affective responses occurs in HIIE sessions configured based on the amplitude.

Effect of active versus passive recovery on performance-related outcome during high-intensity interval exercise.

INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that recovery mode may contribute to performance during high-intensity interval exercise. However, there is no consensus regarding the effects of active and passive recovery modes on subsequent performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of active versus passive recovery on performance during repeated high-intensity interval exercise. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Two reviewers independently conducted a search using the PRISMA systematic approach in three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central) searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of recovery mode on performance (until February 2020). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Twenty-six studies were included for analysis (17 for power output, nine for repeated-sprint ability and two for distance covered). Four studies found higher mechanical performance for passive recovery compared with active recovery. Six out of nine studies reported faster sprinting performance with passive recovery compared to active recovery. Two studies demonstrated that passive recovery resulted in a greater distance covered during intermittent sprint exercise. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that performing high-intensity interval exercise with passive recovery results in greater performance when compared with active recovery.

Efeito dos treinamentos aeróbio, resistido e concorrente na pressão arterial e morfologia de idosos normotensos e hipertensos / Effect of aerobic, resistance and concurrent training on blood pressure and morphology of normotensive and hypertensive elderly people

Introdução: A Hipertensão Arterial (HA) é considerada um dos fatores de risco mais ostensivos para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Representando no Brasil um dos problemas de saúde pública de maior prevalência na população, capaz de levar a óbito aproximadamente 40% dos indivíduos acometidos. Diante do exposto, deve-se dar uma ênfase cada vez maior à prática de exercícios físicos como fator determinante na redução da pressão arterial, resultando em Hipotensão Pós-Exercício (HPE). Objetivo: Verificar o efeito dos treinamentos aeróbio, resistido e concorrente na pressão arterial e morfologia em idosos normotensos e hipertensos. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 300 idosos, normotensos (n=150) e hipertensos (n=150), divididos em três grupos. O Grupo 1 (G1) realizou treinamento aeróbio; o Grupo 2 (G2) treinamento resistido e o Grupo 3 (G3) treinamento concorrente. Para comparar as variáveis de cada grupo no período pré e pós-treinamento foi utilizado o teste t para amostras pareadas. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Foi observada redução da pressão arterial pós-exercício em todos os grupos, apenas para a pressão arterial sistólica, tendo efeito hipotensor para os normotensos do G1, enquanto os hipertensos obtiveram redução da pressão arterial sistólica para os três grupos. Para a morfologia não foram verificadas diferenças significativas. Conclusão: Após o término das sessões de treinamento ficou evidenciada a importância da prática regular de exercício físico, seja ele aeróbio, resistido ou concorrente, na prevenção e no combate da HA.

Introduction: Hypertension (HA) is considered one of the risk factors for the development of overt cardiovascular disease. Representing in Brazil one of the major problems of public health with the biggest prevalence in population, capable of leading to death 40% of the affected individuals. Therefore, we must take a growing emphasis on physical exercise as a factor in reducing BP, resulting in post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Objective: To verify the effect of aerobic, resistance and concurrent training on blood pressure and morphology in normotensive and hypertensive elderly people. Methods: The sample was composed by 300 elderly people, normotensive (n=150) and hypertensive (n=150), divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) performed aerobic training, Group 2 (G2) resistance training and Group 3 (G3) concurrent training. To compare the variable in each group in the pre and post-training periods, it was used t -test for paired samples. The significance level established was p<0.05. Results: It was observed reduction of the blood pressure post-exercise in all the groups, only for systolic blood pressure, causing hypotensive effect for the normotensive group (G1), while the hypertensive people had reduction of systolic blood pressure in the three groups. For morphology not significant differences was verified. Conclusion: After the end of training sessions was evident the importance of regular practice of physical exercise, whether it be aerobic, resistance or concurrent in preventing and combating the arterial hypertension.