RESUMO
Neutropenia is known as a clinical consequence in various genetic disorders and other neutropenia-inducing mutations (NIM) nonmalignant diseases. Leukemia development is now a major concern about the mortality of patients with congenital neutropenia. We searched the PubMed database and Google Scholar engine using English-language article (1980-2019) using the terms 'Neutropenia,' 'Leukemia,' 'Mutation,' and 'Polymorphism.' Patients with neutropenia have leukemia-related genetic abnormalities which are noticeable as mutations and chromosome abnormalities. The presence of mutations in patients with neutropenia can affect the biological function of neutrophils and increase the likelihood of leukemia progression, which can be important in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients. NIM can play an important role in leukemia development via enhancing intracellular signaling, apoptosis inhibition, and effects on transcription factors in patients with neutropenia. Therefore, the detection of genetic risk factors can be useful in prognosis, early diagnosis, and prevention of leukemia development.