RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy is essential for the cancer treatment. Usually, in the preparation process of the chemotherapy, part of the medication must be discarded to achieve the dose prescribed by the doctor. The dose of medication discarded results in toxic waste production. The objective is to analyze the chemotherapy waste in the preparation process of the drug. METHODS: It has been conducted a cross-sectional observational study. The study data were obtained from chemotherapy's requests by oncologists linked to a health insurance plan. It has been calculated the dose of chemotherapy waste in each application, considering the dose prescribed by the doctor and the drug dosage form. RESULTS: It were analyzed 1,289 prescriptions for intravenous chemotherapy of 106 users with cancer. There were a total of 63,824mg of chemotherapy residue produced, with an average of 602mg by user and 49mg by application. The average percentage of chemotherapy waste was 11.96%, between 0 to 50%. CONCLUSION: The number of applications and the dose used in the treatment protocol, the commercial dosage forms and the no use of dose rounding of medication to the nearest vial size were factors related to increased production of chemotherapy waste.
RESUMO
Recurrent haemarthroses leading to chronic synovitis and arthropathy remain a major cause of morbidity in patients with haemophilia. Radioactive synovectomy (RS) is considered the first choice of treatment for chronic haemophilic synovitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RS with Yttrium(90) citrate (C-Y(90)) in the joints of patients with chronic haemophilic synovitis. From 2003 to 2007, 245 joints (118 knees, 76 elbows, 49 ankles and two shoulders) of 190 patients with haemophilia or von Willebrand disease were submitted to RS with C-Y(90) at Hemocentro de Mato Grosso, Brazil. Forty joints had radiographic Pettersson scores above 8. There were 36 joints of 22 patients with inhibitors to factor VIII. The procedure was safe with low occurrence of adverse events. The main effect was the overall reduction in joint bleeding frequency, from 19.8 to 2.6 per year post-RS. Similar results were obtained in cases with high radiographic scores and in inhibitor patients. Pain reduction was observed in most cases. Average range of motion was maintained or increased 1 year post-RS in most joints. Extension was stable or increased in 88.2% of the knees and 86.5% of the elbows. Ankle plantarflexion was stable or increased in 90.9%, whereas dorsiflexion was maintained or increased in 87.9%. Worsening of the range of motion, when present, ranged from 14 to 17 degrees. We concluded that RS with C-Y(90) represents an important resource for the treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis, markedly reducing joint bleeding frequency and pain, irrespective of the radiographic stage and inhibitor status.