Relationship between positive parenting and adolescents' depressive symptoms: Evidence from a Chinese research survey.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents often carry their depression well into their adulthood. This creates perpetual difficulties for their family and society. Research on the relationship between positive parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms is rare. The protective effect of positive parenting on adolescent depressive symptoms also remains underexplored. Parents are a vital source of feedback that shapes adolescents' self-view in crucial ways. AIMS: This study examines the latent relationships between four factors related to positive parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms. METHOD: Using data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), Stata MP 17.0 was used for preliminary data processing and descriptive statistics. The structural equation model (SEM) was adopted to test the seven proposed hypotheses. RESULTS: The study participants were 2,816 adolescents (52.34% male). The SEM showed that positive communication and parental praise can directly reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents (path coefficients of -0.24 and -0.13 [p < .001], respectively). Additionally, both positive communication and positive parent-adolescent interactions can reduce adolescents' depressive symptoms by heightening the intermediate factor of parental praise (path coefficients of 0.30 and 0.44 [p < .001], respectively). Conversely, positive parent-adolescent interactions did not negatively affect adolescents' depressive symptoms, as we hypothesized. CONCLUSIONS: High level of positive parenting negatively predicts the level of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Specifically, positive communication, positive parent-adolescent communication, and parental praise are the main protective factors related to positive parenting for adolescents' depressive symptoms.

Decomposition and comparative analysis of depressive symptoms between older adults living alone and with others in China.

Objective: This research dealt with investigating and measuring the contribution of the factors that impact depression in older adults living alone vs. those living with others (hereafter referred to as "not alone") in China. Design: This investigation adopts a cross-sectional research design. The dataset employed for this study comprises data from 2018 the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Setting: The research involved data sourced from China, specifically from 23 of its provinces. From the 8th CLHLS, 12,197 older adults were selected who met the study requirements. Measures: Binary logistic regression models were established to delve into the primary factors impacting the depressive symptoms of the individuals. Furthermore, Fairlie models were employed to assess these factors between older adults living alone and those not living alone. This approach facilitated an in-depth analysis of their respective contributions. Results: It was observed that the demographic of Chinese older adults exhibited depressive symptoms at a rate of 11.92%. Older adults who resided alone (15.76%) exhibited a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in comparison to their counterparts living in not-alone settings (11.15%). Employing Fairlie decomposition analysis, it was determined that this observed disparity in depressive symptoms, amounting to 55.33% of the overall difference, could be primarily attributed to distinct factors. This encompassed variance in marital status (20.55%), years of school (4.63%), self-reported local income status (7.25%), self-reported sleep status (17.56%), and self-reported health status (4.24%). Conclusion: The resulting data indicated that depressive symptoms exhibited an elevated prevalence in older adults living alone than in those living not alone. This discrepancy was predominantly attributed to variance in socioeconomic marital status, years of school, self-reported local income status, self-reported sleep status, and self-reported health status by living alone vs. not alone. Mitigating these influential factors could help develop targeted and meticulous intervention strategies, precisely tailored to improve the mental well-being of older adults at high risk.

Promoting urea oxidation and water oxidation through interface construction on a CeO2@CoFe2O4 heterostructure.

Spinel ferrites are considered practical and promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts because of their advantages in the adsorption and activation of electrocatalytic substances. A CeO2 functional metal oxide was used to modify a spinel oxide in order to further improve the electrocatalytic performance of the spinel oxide. In this work, a CeO2@CoFe2O4/NF hybrid nanostructure was synthesized for the first time by typical hydrothermal and calcination methods. In an alkaline medium, CeO2@CoFe2O4/NF displays superior OER activity and needs an overpotential of 213 mV to deliver a current density of 100 mA cm-2, which makes it one of the most active catalysts reported so far. In addition, the as-prepared CeO2@CoFe2O4/NF material needs a potential of 1.40 V at the same current density in 1.0 M KOH with 0.5 M urea, which displays superior UOR activity. The CeO2@CoFe2O4/NF catalyst also displays good durability and the performance of the electrode is negligibly attenuated at a large current intensity of 125 mA cm-2. Experimental results demonstrate that the activity of the CeO2@CoFe2O4/NF catalyst is ascribed to the exposure of more active centers and a faster electron transfer rate. This work develops a novel method for exploiting Earth-abundant, robust and environmentally friendly OER and UOR electrocatalysts.

Controlled synthesis of P-Co3O4@NiCo-LDH/NF nanoarrays as binder-free electrodes for water splitting.

The design and development of robust and environmentally friendly electrocatalytic materials are of great significance to the hydrogen production industry for the electrolysis of water. A series of P-Co3O4@NiCo-LDH/NF materials was firstly successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method, high temperature calcination and an electrochemical deposition approach when sodium hypophosphite was used as the source of P and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as the source of nickel and introduced cobalt at the same time. The structure, composition, morphology and electrochemical performance of the P-Co3O4@NiCo-LDH/NF electrocatalytic material were determined by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical performance testing. It is worth noting that the P-Co3O4@NiCo-LDH-2/NF material presents excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performance in 1 M KOH alkaline solution. It only needs an overpotential of 181 mV to drive a current density of 100 mA cm-2, which is one of the best catalytic activities reported so far. The experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the electrocatalytic activity of the P-Co3O4@NiCo-LDH-2/NF material is attributed to the faster electron transfer rate, exposure of more active sites, optimal water adsorption energy and better electrical conductivity.

Impacts of short-term germination on the chemical compositions, technological characteristics and nutritional quality of yellow pea and faba bean flours.

In the present study, yellow pea (CDC Amarillo) and faba bean (CDC Snowdrop) seeds were soaked overnight and then germinated in the dark at ambient temperature for 24, 48 and 72 h. During the short-term germination, germination percentages higher than 96.6% were achieved and progressive growth of radicles was observed for both varieties. The soaked and germinated seeds were dried at 55 °C and milled into flours, and their chemical compositions, physicochemical properties and in vitro starch and protein digestibility were systematically examined. Overall, soaking and germination did not noticeably alter the chemical compositions of each flour. The most obvious changes in the physicochemical properties were found in the pasting, emulsifying and foaming properties of the pulse flours. Soaking and 24-h germination greatly enhanced the pasting viscosities of the flours; as the germination proceeded, their viscosities gradually decreased, resulting from the degradation of starch by endogenous amylase(s) during pasting. Germination progressively improved the emulsion activity and stability, foaming capacity and foam stability of both pulse flours. In addition, germination enhanced the in vitro digestibility of starch and protein of the flours; however, the treatment did not improve their in vitro protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (IV-PDCAAS). Short-term germination of 24-72 h has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to generating pulse flours possessing diverse functional properties and enhanced digestibility of macronutrients.

Factors influencing the perception of medical staff and outpatients of dual practice in Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

OBJECTIVE: Dual practice is defined as a physician's performance of medical activities in different health care institutions (two or more) simultaneously. This study aimed to examine the perception and acceptance of medical staff and outpatients of dual practice and explore the possible factors affecting people's perception. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 public hospitals in Shanghai. Participants included medical staff and outpatients. We distributed 1,000 questionnaires to each participant group, and the response rates were 66.7% and 69.4%, respectively. Statistical differences in variables were tested, and multinomial logistic regression methods were employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study included two parts: medical staff survey and outpatient survey. The results of medical staff survey showed that 63.0% of the respondents supported dual practice. Medical staff who belonged to the surgical department or held positive belief of dual practice were more willing to participate in dual practice. Moreover, the publicity activities of dual practice and hospitals' human resource management system were important factors affecting the willingness of the medical staff. The results of outpatient survey showed that 44.5% of respondents believed that dual practice could reduce difficulty in consulting a doctor. Regarding the perceived benefits of dual practice, the proportion of outpatients who believed that dual practice could meet the demand for health convenience, minor illness, and chronic disease were 45.4%, 42.4%, and 53.7%, respectively. Additionally, demographic characteristics significantly influenced the perception of outpatients. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that both medical staff and outpatients generally held positive attitudes toward dual practice. Medical staff who belonged to the surgical department or held positive belief of dual practice were more willing to participate in dual practice. Moreover, the existence of publicity activities and more flexible management system of hospitals' human resource would promote physicians' willingness to participate in dual practice. In addition, perception of outpatients of dual practice was affected by demographic characteristics.