Um estudo sobre o emprego da mineração textual para classificação de teleconsultorias no contexto do Projeto Telessaúde-RS / A Study about the use of text mining in teleconsulting classification in the context of the Telehealth RS Project / Estudio sobre el uso de minería textual para clasificación de teleconsultas en el contexto del proyecto Telessaúde-RS

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre como a tecnologia de mineração de texto pode contribuir na construção de respostas a teleconsultorias feitas no contexto da telessaúde. Neste cenário, uma das dificuldades para a elaboração de respostas a consultorias está relacionada à classificação dos questionamentos inicialmente colocados pelo solicitante. Nesta pesquisa, utilizou-se o minerador Sobek para extrair conceitos de um conjunto de solicitações anteriores e integrou-se este sistema a um ambiente experimental de teleconsultorias. Foi então realizado um estudo com 37 profissionais de diversas regiões do país, que responderam a duas teleconsultorias empregando este novo sistema. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a mineração de texto pode auxiliar na localização de informações pertinentes para a elaboração e agilização do processo de respostas. Os teleconsultores que participaram da pesquisa também consideraram que a consulta de solicitações e respostas prévias pode contribuir na educação permanente de profissionais de saúde...

This article presents a study on how text mining technology may contribute to build answers toteleconsultation made in the context of telehealth. In this scenario, one of the difficulties for the preparationof responses to consultations is related to the classification of questions initially posed by the applicant. In this research, we used Sobek mining tool to extract concepts from a number of previous requests and integrated it to a teleconsultation experimental environment. Then a study with 37 professionals from various regions of the country was carried out, professionals who answered two teleconsultation using thenew system. Results showed that text mining can be helpful in locating relevant information to improve the answering process. The teleconsultants that participated in the research also considered that using previous requests and responses in teleconsultations may contribute to the continuing education processof health professionals...

En este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre cómo la tecnología de minería de textos puede contribuir a la construcción de respuestas para teleconsultas hechas en el contexto de la telesalud. En este escenario, una de las dificultades para la preparación de las respuestas a las teleconsultas se relaciona con la clasificación de las preguntas planteadas inicialmente por el solicitante. En esta investigación, se utilizó la herramienta de minería Sobek para extraer conceptos de varias solicitudes anteriores, siendo estas integradas a un sistema experimental de teleconsultas. Un estudio con 37 profesionales de diversas regiones del país fué realizado. Estos profesionales respondieron a dos teleconsultas con el nuevo sistema. Los resultados mostraron que la minería de textos puede ayudar a localizar informaciones relevantes y acelerar el proceso de respuesta. Los teleconsultores encuestados también consideraron que las solicitaciones de consulta y las respuestas anteriores pueden contribuir a la formación continuada de los profesionales de la salud...

Nitric oxide modulates the hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in sleep-deprived rats.

BACKGROUND: Sleep restriction alters pain perception in animals and humans, and many studies have indicated that paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) promotes hyperalgesia. The hyperalgesia observed after mechanical nociceptive stimulus is reversed through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. Both nitric oxide (NO) and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) area of the brainstem are involved in hyperalgesia. Thus, in this work, we investigated the pain-related behavior response after mechanical noxious stimuli (electronic von Frey test), and the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), an indicator of NOS activity, within the dlPAG of paradoxical sleep-deprived rats. We also evaluated the effects of pre-treatment with L-NAME on these parameters. RESULTS: These data revealed that PSD reduced the hindpaw withdrawal threshold (-47%, p < 0.0001) confirming the hyperalgesic effect of this condition. In addition, there were more NADPH-d positive cells in dlPAG after PSD than in control rats (+ 59%, p < 0.0001). L-NAME treatment prevented the reduction in the hindpaw withdrawal threshold (+ 93%, p < 0.0001) and the increase in the NADPH-d positive cells number in the dlPAG of PSD-treated rats (-36%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats is associated with increased NOS activity in the dlPAG, which presumably influences the descending antinociceptive pathway.

Increased pain perception and attenuated opioid antinociception in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats are associated with reduced tyrosine hydroxylase staining in the periaqueductal gray matter and are reversed by L-dopa.

Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) increases pain sensitivity and reduces morphine antinociception. Because dopaminergic neurons in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) participate in pain modulation and opioid-induced antinociception, we evaluated the effects of PSD on thermal pain sensitivity, morphine- and L-DOPA-induced antinociception and dopaminergic functionality in the PAG by assessing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity. Rats that were subjected to 96h of PSD received vehicle, morphine (2.5, 5 or 10mg/kg), L-DOPA (50 or 100mg/kg) or L-DOPA (50mg/kg)+morphine (2.5 and 5mg/kg) and were tested with a 46°C hot plate 1h after. The paw withdrawal latency responses to the hot plate were decreased in PSD rats and were modified by the highest dose of morphine, L-DOPA and L-DOPA+morphine. Analgesic effects were observed in control groups for all of the morphine doses as well as 100mg/kg of L-DOPA and L-DOPA (50mg/kg)+morphine (5mg/kg). The number of cell bodies that were immunopositive for TH in the PAG was reduced in PSD rats. In conclusion, increased thermal sensitivity was reversed by L-DOPA and could be caused by a reduction TH levels in the PAG. Our data also suggest a relationship between central dopaminergic networks and opiate-induced analgesia in rats.

Systemic amitriptyline administration does not prevent the increased thermal response induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation.

Sleep deprivation has been associated with hyperalgesia in humans and in animal models. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline is used as an analgesic drug in patients and in animal models of chronic pain, including that associated with spinal nerve injury. Pain hypersensitivity following paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and that following peripheral nerve injury seem to share common spinal mechanisms. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of amitriptyline (acutely and chronically administered) on the increased thermal response observed in PSD rats (72 or 96 h). Rats were evaluated for thermal sensitivity using a hot plate (52 degrees C or 46 degrees C) at 1 or 24 h after the last administration of the drug. Following the hot plate test, motor behavior was analyzed in an open field arena for a period of 5 min. Paw withdrawal latency response to temperatures of 46 degrees C and 52 degrees C was significantly lower in PSD and in 24-hour post-PSD rats than in controls and it was not modified by amitriptyline (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg). Analgesic effects and reduced motor behavior were only observed in control groups. Overall, these findings indicate that a period of PSD can influence pain modulatory mechanisms, and that amitriptyline action is insufficient to reduce PSD-enhanced thermal sensitivity.

Sleep deprivation affects sexual behavior and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in sexually experienced male rats.

Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) produces alterations in dopaminergic systems and also modifies sexual behavior. In this work we evaluated PSD effects on the sexual response and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in dopaminergic pathways related to sexual behavior of naive and sexual experienced rats. Male Wistar rats had their sexual behavior evaluated in 6 copulatory tests, with a 4 days interval. In these tests, the animals interacted with a receptive female and parameters that compose each component of the male sexual reply (initiation, arousal and ejaculation) were evaluated. After the 5th test, the animals were randomly divided in 2 groups, control and PSD, and 96 h later they were submitted to the last copulatory test. PSD facilitated the excitatory and the ejaculatory component, increasing the copulatory efficiency. In addition, reduced mount frequency and ejaculation latency were observed. The temporal patterning of the sexual behavior was modified, with reduction in the number of mount bouts. PSD per se was not able to modify TH levels, but in PSD sexual trained rats, an increase in the number of TH-immunoreactive cellular bodies in all dopaminergic areas evaluated was detected. Our data suggest that PSD facilitates the sexual response and this facilitation combined to sexual training could be the consequence of increased TH levels in dopaminergic pathways related to sexual reply.

Chronic amantadine treatment enhances the sexual behaviour of male rats.

The acute administration of amantadine (AMA), a dopaminomimetic and NMDA glutamatergic receptor antagonist also used as an anti-Parkinsonian agent, stimulates male rat sexual behaviour. However it remains unclear whether long term AMA supplementation might also provoke a similar increase in male rat sexual conduct. In the present study, male rats were administered AMA (5-50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle daily for 21 days and their sexual response was monitored weekly. Chronic treatment with AMA effectively increased the sexual response of male rats, similarly to what had been observed before with acute amantadine treatment. The main effect of chronic AMA treatment occurs in arousal and in ejaculatory response, whilst the excitatory component was not affected. The 21-day treatment with AMA did not lead to tolerance, suggesting that perhaps AMA could be used in male human patients to prevent sexual inhibition caused by anti-depressant and anti-psychotic agents.