Multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathies in pediatric with ulcerative colitis: A case report.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the 2 major disorders in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Differentiating IBD at an early stage remains difficult, and abdominal imaging and early precise investigations are crucial. A 2-year-old girl was referred to the emergency department after experiencing colicky abdominal pain for 1 month. She had bloody stool 4 days before admission with the frequency of about 1-2 times per day. She also experienced anorexia, nausea, and weight loss. From Abdominal CT-Scan with contrast, multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathies accompanied by liver enlargement and minimal ascites were found. A colonoscopy showed multiple ulcers in the rectum and sigmoid colon. The histology of the gastric and colon showed lymphocyte infiltration in lamina propria. Children with UC usually present with the classic symptoms of weight loss, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. The UC patients could present also with nonclassic symptoms of poor growth, anemia, or extraintestinal manifestations. The presence of inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes in the inflammatory process in UC can be associated with peri-intestinal inflammatory reactions. Mesenteric lymphadenopathies can happen in UC and early investigations using colonoscopy and biopsy are important investigative procedures to evaluate patients with UC.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants in Indonesia.

Purpose: Information regarding functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infants is currently lacking in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of FGIDs in infants aged 6 weeks to 4 months in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 433 infants was conducted between September 2018 and February 2020. Information on FGIDs was collected using the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire and the Feeding Practice and Gut Comfort Questionnaire. Adapted Rome IV criteria were used to define the FGIDs. Results: The prevalence of regurgitation was 26.3%; 16.8% of the infants presented crying-related symptoms and 5.5% exhibited constipation. The statistical analyses revealed that constipation was associated with sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-7.71; p=0.043), employment of the father (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.12-0.77; p=0.01), and education of the mother (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.07-3.51; p=0.031). Length at birth (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.99; p=0.042) was associated with constipation. Length at visit (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.91; p<0.001) was associated with regurgitation, and the weight at visit (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96; p=0.038) was associated with crying and/or colic. A history of parental FGIDs was associated with crying-related symptoms (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.23-3.68; p=0.007). Conclusion: Regurgitation, crying, and constipation are common FGIDs in infants. Some parental and infant characteristics may be predictors for FGIDs. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings. Understanding the determinants of FGIDs will benefit healthcare professionals and parents to improve infant's quality of life and better manage these condition.

Safety and immunogenicity of human neonatal RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma) in adults, children, and neonates in Indonesia: Phase I Trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite safe and effective WHO prequalified rotavirus vaccines, at least 84 million children remain unvaccinated. A birth dose schedule of the RV3-BB vaccine was reported to be highly efficacious against severe rotavirus disease in Indonesian infants and is under further development at PT Bio Farma, Indonesia. The aim is to develop a rotavirus vaccine starting from birth that could improve the implementation, safety, and effectiveness of vaccines. METHODS: A multi-site phase I study of a human neonatal RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma) in adults, children, neonates in Indonesia from April 2018 to March 2019. The adult and child cohorts were open-labeled single-dose, while the neonatal cohort was randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled three-doses at the age of 0-5 days, 8-10 weeks, and 12-14 weeks. The primary objective was to assess the safety of vaccines with the immunogenicity and vaccine virus fecal shedding as the secondary endpoints in neonates. RESULTS: Twenty-five adults, 25 children, and 50 neonates were recruited, and all but one in the neonatal cohort completed all study procedures. Three serious adverse events were reported (1 adult & 2 neonates), but none were assessed related to investigational product (IP). The neonatal vaccine group had a significantly higher positive immune response (cumulative seroconverted SNA and IgA) 28 days after three doses than those in the placebo group (72% vs. 16.7%, respectively). The GMT of serum IgA in the vaccine group was significantly higher at post IP dose 1 (p < 0.05) and post IP dose 3 (p < 0.001) compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The trial results show that the RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma) is well tolerated in all participant cohorts (adults, children, and neonates). Three doses of this vaccine administered in a neonatal schedule were immunogenic. These promising results support further clinical development of the RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma).

Case Report: Complicated Meckel Diverticulum Spectrum in Children.

Background: Meckel diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the intestines, with an incidence of 2% of the general population. It can present as various clinical features with complications and be life threatening if diagnosis is delayed and treatment late. Case Presentation: We report three pediatric cases with complicated MD: one female presented with small-bowel obstruction, one male with peritonitis, and one female with severe iron-deficiency anemia, without gross gastrointestinal bleeding nor any ectopic gastric mucosa. All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy, segmental small-bowel resection, and primary anastomosis. They successfully recovered and were uneventfully discharged on the fourth, seventh, and 10th postoperative days, respectively. Conclusions: MD can present with various complication spectrums, including small-bowel obstruction, peritonitis, and severe iron-deficiency anemia, which may cause difficulty in definitive diagnosis, particularly in children. Segmental small-bowel resection and primary anastomosis are effective surgical approaches and show good outcomes for MD patients.

Acquired choledochal cyst following intraabdominal tumor surgical excision: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Choledochal cyst (CC) is a morphological malformation characterized by dilatations of the biliary tree that might present later with clinical symptoms, including jaundice, abdominal pain or pancreatitis. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Here, we reported a 10-month-old female infant with CC presenting with jaundice and a right upper quadrant mass and who was malnourished following a surgical excision of retroperitoneal teratoma one month ago. Laboratory findings were total bilirubin of 14.17 mg/dL, direct bilirubin of 12.24 mg/dL, gamma glutamyl transferase of 1157 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase 187 U/L. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a CC that caused dilatation of the proximal common bile duct (CBD), common hepatic duct, and intrahepatic bile duct. We decided to perform an explorative laparotomy and found a CC with diameter of 5 cm. Then, we conducted a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Due to hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis leakage, relaparotomies were done. The patient was uneventfully discharged 17 days after the third surgery. DISCUSSION: Our findings are unique because the patient had a normal biliary tree previously and underwent intraabdominal tumor surgery. Notably, besides being an acquired CC, our case might be due to inadvertent bile duct ligation during the first operation or bile duct obstruction as a complication of the first operation. CONCLUSIONS: CC should be considered as a potential complication of intraabdominal tumor excision, especially if its location is near the CBD. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is still the best choice for CC management.

Gastric stricture following corrosive agent ingestion: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric stricture due to corrosive ingestion is a rare cause of obstruction in the upper gastrointestinal tract in children. However, only a few reports highlight the management of the stricture of the gastric antrum and pylorus, i.e. gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) due to corrosive ingestion, particularly in children. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a 1-year-old male who presented with chief complaints of upper abdominal pain and profuse vomiting after accidentally ingesting sulfuric acid one month prior. On physical examination, minimal epigastric distension was found. Endoscopic examination showed oesophagitis, erosive gastritis, multiple gastric ulcers and suspicion of pyloric stricture. We decided to perform an exploratory laparotomy and found severe strictures from the major curvature to the gastric pylorus. Subsequently, we conducted gastrojejunostomy and Braun anastomosis. The patient was discharged on the eighth postoperative day uneventfully. DISCUSSION: Endoscopy is a reliable technique for assessing upper digestive tract mucous membranes after caustic agent ingestion because it helps in making a definitive diagnosis, especially to define the anatomic location and injury severity. The timing and type of surgery for GOO is controversial. We performed Braun anastomosis in addition to gastrojejunostomy because of several advantages over other surgical methods. CONCLUSION: We recommend choosing an appropriate supporting examination to precisely diagnose gastric stricture due to corrosive ingestion. Gastojejunostomy and Braun anastomosis show a good outcome for gastric stricture due to corrosive ingestion, particularly in children.

Diarrhea among hospitalized children under five: A call for inclusion of rotavirus vaccine to the national immunization program in Indonesia.

CONTEXT: Rotavirus diarrhea is a common disease worldwide which mostly affects children under five years old. Rotavirus infection causes severe diarrhea and leads to substantial health care costs. In Indonesia the rotavirus vaccine has been available since 2011, however it has not been included into the National Immunization Program. This study aims to describe the proportion of rotavirus in children under 5 in Indonesia, the clinical characteristics of rotavirus infections, and the rotavirus strains circulating in the country during 2010-2015. METHODS: Children under five years of age with acute watery diarrhea were prospectively identified and enrolled through the active diarrhea surveillance system in 5 sites in four provinces in Indonesia during 2010-2015. The rotavirus specimens were tested using Enzyme Immunoassay. Bivariate logistic regression tests were performed to compare rotavirus positive and negative results with respect to the collected demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: From January 2010 to December 2015, the average annual rotavirus prevalence among children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in four provinces in Indonesia was 47.5%. Rotavirus diarrhea occurred mostly in children under 2 years of age. Of all age groups, children aged 6-11 and 12-23 months had the highest prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in all years (54.2% and 50.6%, respectively). This study found that the most prevalent of G and P genotypes were G1P8 in 2010 (63.2%), 2011 (64.1%) and 2012 (74.6%) and G3P8 in 2013 (49.7%), 2014 (82.5%) and 2015 (84.4%) CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children in Indonesia. These findings highlight the need for inclusion of the rotavirus vaccine to the National Immunization Program in Indonesia.