Tuberculosis of the Breast in Togo: A Series of 28 Presumed Cases.

Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histological aspects of mammary tuberculosis in Togo. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of breast tuberculosis for which the diagnosis was presumed on histological grounds in the pathology department (LAP) of the Lomé Tokoin university hospital from January 1995 to December 2016 (20 years). A total of 28 presumed cases of mammary tuberculosis were identified. There were 26 women and 2 men, with an average age of 34.2 ± 0.3 years. The clinical signs were nodule (84.1%), tumefaction (75%), abscess (63.6%) and tumefaction with cutaneous fistulization (59.1%). Breast involvement was isolated in 31.8% of cases and associated with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis in 54.5% of cases. Co-infection with HIV was found in 63.9 % of cases. Histology showed inflammatory granulomas made of Langhans giant cells, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes around the foci of caseous necrosis. Thoracic radiography was abnormal in 16 patients (57.1%).Mammary tuberculosis is not rare in our country. Clinical presentation is often misleading and is a diagnostic challenge, more particularly with breast abscess or cancer.

[Analysis of a series of 44 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis diagnosed in the pathology laboratory of the Tokoin teaching hospital of Lomé (1993-2014)]. / Analyse d'une série de 44 cas de tuberculose péritonéale diagnostiqués au laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique du CHU Tokoin de Lomé (1993-2014).

It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study on all issues relating to peritoneal tuberculosis histological diagnosed in the pathology department (LAP) of the Lomé Tokoin CHU from January 1993 to December 2014 (20 years). A total of 44 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis were included. They were 18 women and 26 men, with a mean age of 37.6±0.2 years. The circumstances of discovery were dominated by ascites (84.1%), fever (75%), weight loss (63.6%) and abdominal pain (59.1%). The peritoneal involvement was isolated in 31.8% of cases, and associated with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis in 54.5% of cases. Co-infection with HIV was present in 63.9% of cases. Twenty-five patients (69.4%) with information about their social conditions had low socioeconomic level: unemployed (10 cases; 40%), workers (10 cases; 40%) and retired (5 cases; 20%). An increase in cell count was observed in 94.6% of cases. Histology revealed the epithelial giant cell granuloma associated with caseous necrosis in 38 cases (86.4%) and cheesy isolated in 6 patients. Peritoneal tuberculosis is not exceptional in our country. The diagnosis should be considered in febrile ascites, and will be confirmed by laparoscopy with histological samples for a histological diagnosis.

[Histological aspect of urinary schistosomiasis in Togo: results of a cohort of 192 cases]. / Aspect histologique des séquelles de la bilharziose urinaire au Togo: résultats d'une série de 192 cas.

The high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Togo and its late management often lead to sequels. This study takes stock of these cancerous and non-cancerous lesions observed on histological pieces in the pathology laboratory of the Teaching Hospital of Lome in 10 years. We find 28.1 % of malignant tumor lesions, dominated by urothelial carcinoma.

[Disseminated cysticercosis: report of three cases in Togo]. / Cysticercose disséminée: trois cas au Togo.

We report 3 cases of disseminated cysticercosis (DC) in adult male subjects in Togo. All had consulted in dermatology for asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology of a resected nodule. Computed tomography allowed us to bring out the widespread dissemination of cysticerci. The skin, brain, muscle, eye, thyroid, and pleura were the affected organs. Treatment was based on albendazole and betamethasone, with adverse side effects in 2 of our 3 patients. Our 3 observations seem to be the first of their kind in Togo. The mechanism of contamination in these disseminated forms is not yet elucidated, however ingesting a gravid proglottis could be the basis of the widespread dissemination of cysticerci in the body. No consensus has yet been established in the treatment of DC and the management should follow the guideline for treatment of neurocysticercosis and ocular cysticercosis.

[Ocular tumors in Togo: epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features observed at the Lomé Teaching Hospital of Sylvanus Olympio]. / Tumeurs oculaires au Togo: aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et histopathologiques à propos de quarante-cinq cas observés au CHU Sylvanus-Olympio de Lomé.

PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of ocular tumors in Togo. METHODS: We have a retrospective and descriptive study of the ocular specimens registered in the pathology laboratory from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010. The frequency of ocular tumors, the patients' age and sex, the department from which the specimen came, the sampling procedure, and the histopathological patterns were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 80 ocular specimens were recorded among a total of 6000, for a frequency of 1.33%. Histopathological results were available for 45 cases in our sample. The mean age was 30.9 ± 15.1 years, and the sex ratio 0.88 (21M/24F). The two teaching hospitals in Lomé furnished 73.4% of the ocular specimens. The most common site was the conjunctiva, accounting for 75.5% of the cases. Benign tumors represented 69.9% of the histological diagnoses. Papilloma was the histopathological diagnosis in 33.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: Ocular tumors are relatively common, occur at any age, and are located most often in the conjunctiva. Close collaboration between the pathologist and the ophthalmologist is essential for the best management of these tumors.

[Malignant parotid tumors: epidemiology in Togo]. / Tumeurs malignes de la parotide: épidémiologie au Togo.

INTRODUCTION: We had for aim to determine the epidemiological profile of malignant parotid tumors in sub-Saharan country: Togo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied the files of patients seen and treated for malignant parotid tumors, from January 1989 to December 31, 2008, at the Tokoin teaching hospital. Patients treated for another malignant tumor at the same time were excluded from the study. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Ninety-six patients were included. Thirty-one tumors (32.29%) were malignant, in 18 male and 13 female patients with a sex ratio of 1.38. The average age was 39years (range 24-70years of age). Two patients could not undergo surgery. Histologically, there were 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (32.26%), 6 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (19.4%), 6 cases of adenocarcinoma (19.4%), 4 cases of carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma (12.90%), 3 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (9.7%), 1 case of acinar carcinoma (3.2%), and 1 case of cystadenocarcinoma (3.2%). DISCUSSION: Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type observed in Togo, contrary to literature data for which mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant parotid tumor.

[Basidiobolomycosis: a review]. / Basidiobolomycose: revue générale.

This general review of the biomedical literature indexed on Medline (PubMed) and Pascal (INIST) over the past 40 years (1970-2010), supplemented by some unindexed studies, found 89 articles published about basidiobolomycosis. These case reports (n = 67) and series (n = 22) described 172 cases of basidiobolomycosis (84 in Asia, 47 in tropical Africa, 25 in North America, 12 in South America, two in Europe and two in Australia). Patients younger than 15 tears accounted for 70%, and the sex-ratio (M/F) was 2.1. Clinically, basidiobolomycosis results in firm subcutaneous plaques, sharply circumscribed, generally cold and painless, becoming hot and painful during flares. It can cause invasive disease of the gastrointestinal tract or lungs and can even be disseminated throughout the body. The main treatments are potassium iodide, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the azole derivatives. The latter are very effective and well tolerated, unlike the former, which present a risk of recurrence or severe side effects.

[Early guttate leukoderma in Darier's disease in a patient with black skin]. / Leucodermie en gouttes précoce au cours de la maladie de Darier chez un sujet à peau noire.

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of Darier's disease are polymorphic and diverse. Guttate leukoderma has been described in around twenty patients with genetically pigmented skin. We report a case of widespread guttate leukoderma several years before the classic signs of Darier's disease in a patient with black skin. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old woman consulted for characteristic signs of Darier's disease evolving for the previous four years. Examination revealed perifollicular, non-confluent hypopigmented macules and papules in small drop size (1-5mm in diameter) scattered on the trunk, limbs and the jaw and chin. These hypopigmented lesions had been present since the age of six years. Histology of the keratotic papules confirmed the diagnosis of Darier's disease. Histological inspection of a hypopigmented lesion showed hyperkeratosis, acantholysis and a considerable reduction of epidermal melanin pigment. DISCUSSION: Our observation suggests that a guttate leukoderma could be an early sign, readily accessible to dermatologists, in the diagnosis of Darier's disease in black-skinned patients.

[Epidemiological and pathological aspects of the gynecological and mammary cancers in Togo]. / Aspects epidémiologiques et histopathologiques des cancers gynéco-mammaires au Togo.

OBJECTIVE: Gynecologic and mammary cancers occupy a prominent place in female tumor pathology. The purpose of this report is to describe aspects of these cancers in Togo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive study includes all gynecologic and mammary cancers diagnosed between 1987 and 2006 in the pathology laboratory of Tokoin University Hospital in Lomé, Togo. RESULTS: During the study period, 882 gynecologic and mammary cancers were diagnosed. Breast cancer accounted for 440 cases (49.88%). The most common gynecologic cancer locations were the cervix in 212 cases (24.03%) and uterine corpus in 108 cases (12.25%). Mean patient age was 48.3 years overall, 48,6 years for breast cancer and 49 years for cervical cancer. In almost all cases, cancer was diagnosed at an invasive stage. CONCLUSION: Gynecologic and mammary cancers are common in Togo and most cases are diagnosed at a late stage. An epidemiological monitoring program is needed.

[Epidemiology and pathological profile of childhood ovary tumours in Togo: about 32 cases]. / Profil histo-épidémiologique des tumeurs ovariennes de l'enfant au Togo: à propos de 32 cas.

PURPOSE: Tumours of the ovary is rare in childhood. The aim of our work was to describe the epidemiology and histological aspects of these tumours in Togo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the epidemiologic and pathologic features of the ovary tumours in childhood (0 to 15 years), observed from 1988 to 2007 at the laboratory of pathology of the Tokoin teaching hospital in Lomé, Togo. RESULTS: During our study period, we observed 32 cases of childhood ovary tumours that represent 8.16% of all ovarian tumours. The average age of occurring was 10.7 years. Histologically it was germ cell tumours in 40.6% of cases (mature teratomas: 34.4% ; immature teratomas: 3.1% ; yolk sac tumours: 3.1%), sex cord-stromal tumours in 21.8% of cases (granulosa cell tumours: 18.7% ; fibroma: 3.1%) and Burkitt lymphoma in 37.6%. CONCLUSION: The childhood ovary tumours although rare, exist in Togo dominated by Burkitt lymphoma.