Impact of Coaching on the Development of Personal and Social Competences among Secondary School Students.

In this study, the impact of school coaching in Spain on the dimensions that comprise the effective personality construct and the development of those dimensions among secondary school students is analyzed. Differences relating to the variables of gender, course year/age, and the state/private sector of each educational center are specified. A longitudinal study employing a quasi-experimental methodology was conducted with a sample of 310 students in attendance at 6 educational centers within the Community of Madrid, Spain; the study cohort comprised 156 (50.3%) male students and 154 (49.7%) female students. The effective personality questionnaire in secondary education was used for the pre- and post-intervention evaluations, as well as to conduct an open survey once the program had ended. The students who attended the six-session intervention expressed high degrees of satisfaction. Despite the brevity of each session (45-60 min), a slight non-significant improvement was observed in the experimental group relative to the control group in the dimensions that were studied (p > 0.05). Regarding gender, the program worked better with male rather than with female students. It was also more effective within state-aided than in state schools.

An Adolescent Patient Reports to Dental Office for Pain in Relation to Mandibular Molar with an Incidental Palpable Thrill in the Submandibular Region.

A young female patient presents to a dental clinic for treatment of swelling and pain. Clinical examination and testing are completed revealing concomitant, suspected vascular pathology of the head and neck area. An endodontic diagnosis is made, but an unusual clinical finding of a vascular entity, not typically considered by dentists, requires interdisciplinary assessment and management with vascular surgery before surgical intervention of the oral cavity.

Oral involvement of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: A rare entity.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Involvement of MF in the oral cavity is uncommon, often follows cutaneous involvement, and is usually associated with a poor prognosis. Herein, we describe a case of a 72-year-old White male with biopsy-proven oral T-cell lymphoma (TCL) in the setting of MF with systemic disease progression. Mycosis fungoides with oral involvement can often prove challenging to diagnose and manage. Thorough medical history intake and clinical examination supported by histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis are imperative because delay in the diagnosis can lead to disease progression.

A retrospective, single-center cohort study on complications after dental extractions in patients taking biologic agents.

BACKGROUND: Although biologic agents represent a growing class of therapeutics, little is known about how these agents affect the provision of dental treatment. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study analyzed patients undergoing dental extraction treated with biologic agents from 2017 through 2020. Complications within 30 days postextraction were recorded. RESULTS: One-hundred twenty-one patients were treated during 147 encounters. Fifteen patients experienced complications during 16 encounters. Notable or excessive pain was most common (14/16; 88%). Patients who experienced complications were treated with 7 biologic agents: dulaglutide, belimumab, adalimumab, aflibercept, tofacitinib, ranibizumab, and ixekizumab. Complication after extraction-specifically, pain-was elevated for patients receiving aflibercept and ranibizumab. When grouped by class, complications were more common with vascular endothelial growth factor antagonism. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of biologics on the provision of and recovery after dental treatment remains unknown. Pain was most commonly reported. Patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists experienced an elevated rate of complications. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study provides preliminary data on how patients taking biologic agents heal after dental extraction. It is limited by small sample sizes. Further work will build on this data to determine appropriate management of patients taking biologics in the dental setting.

Effective Personality as a Protective Factor in Teachers' Occupational Health.

In recent decades, there has been a growing body of research showing the relationship between teaching work and several health problems, both physical and psychological. Some of these studies relate personal competencies and resources to teachers' occupational health. Based on the construct of Effective Personality, proposed by Martin del Buey, Martín Palacio, and Di Giusto, the aim was to analyse the relationship between the dimensions of the construct and Teachers' Occupational Health. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. It was based on the application of the Teacher Health Questionnaire (CSD) and the Efficacy Personality Questionnaire-Adults (CPE-A). The sample consisted of 700 non-university teachers aged between 26 and 66 years, M = 47.65 SD = 8.68. Descriptive, correlational, linear regression, and structural equation analyses were carried out. The results confirmed the relationship between the Efficacy Personality construct and Teachers' Occupational Health (r = 0.45 **). In addition, the regression analysis indicated the relevance of each factor of Efficacy Personality in the factors of Teachers' Occupational Health. The variance of Self-efficacy is the most explained by the dimensions of Efficacy Personality (40.2%), with positive relationships. The structural equation analysis confirmed the influence between Efficacy Personality and the factors of Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction, explaining 55.0% of the variance. It is concluded, therefore, that Efficacy Personality has a protective function on Teacher Occupational Health; the higher the Efficacy Personality scores are, the better the results in health gain-Self-efficacy and satisfaction-and the lower the result in health loss-burnout, cognitive affections, musculoskeletal affections, and voice alterations. These results facilitate the design of prevention and intervention programmes for teachers' occupational health, which strengthen and improve personal and socio-affective competencies.

Correction: Biting the bullet: When self-efficacy mediates the stressful effects of COVID-19 beliefs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263022.].

Biting the bullet: When self-efficacy mediates the stressful effects of COVID-19 beliefs.

The impact that COVID-19 had on individuals globally has been immense. Our study aims to determine if the various COVID-19 related beliefs (information seeking; invulnerability; disruption; health importance and response effectiveness) are predictors of perceived stress and if self-efficacy acts as a mediator in reducing perceived COVID-19 related stress. From a large sample of 23,629, data were assessed using validated multi-item measures for seven COVID-19 related beliefs, self-efficacy and perceived stress. After conducting a series of tests and checks via Confirmatory Factor Analyses, linear modelling and mediation analyses with bootstrapping were applied to test direct and mediation hypotheses. It is found that stress perception is most strongly affected by self-efficacy and perceived disruption. Except for information seeking, which positively affected perceived stress, self-efficacy partially mediates all other COVID-19 related beliefs (perceptions of disruption, health importance and response effectiveness) in conjunction with their direct effects. Only perceived invulnerability elicited opposite effects on stress, increasing stress directly but decreasing stress indirectly by increasing self-efficacy. This finding gives reason to believe that individuals may disclose that they are less vulnerable to COVID-19, fostering their self-efficacy, but still accept that stressing factors such as economic and social consequences apply. Overall, reinforcing self-efficacy was carved out as the most important resilience factor against perceiving high levels of stress. On this basis, implications for research and practice are provided.

Comparison of Emotional Behaviour of Spanish, Chilean and England Adolescents, and Their Relationship with Effective Personality.

Analysing the emotional behaviour of adolescents is fundamental because of its relationship with maladaptive behaviour and even possible psychological maladjustments. For this reason, this study had two objectives: to analyse the existence of significant differences in socio-emotional behaviour in English, Spanish, and Chilean adolescents, taking gender into account, and to analyse the relationship between emotional behaviour and the effective personality model in the Spanish and Chilean samples. A total of 2534 adolescents participated (609 English, 1677 Spanish, and 248 Chilean). The Abbreviated Scale of Emotional Behaviour (ECEA_R: aggressive tendency, social reactivity, and social support) and the Effective Personality Questionnaire-Adolescents (CPE-A: academic self-realisation, socio-affective self-realisation, and resolute efficacy) were applied. A MANOVA was carried out to study the differences in adolescents' socio-emotional behaviour, taking gender and nationality into account, and a correlational analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between the variables of emotional behaviour (aggressive tendency, social reactivity, and social support) and effective personality (academic self-realisation, socio-affective self-realisation, and resolute efficacy). Regarding the first objective, for aggressive tendency, English male adolescents stood out, followed by Spanish and Chilean male adolescents and females of all nationalities. In terms of social reactivity, female adolescents stood out over male adolescents and, with regard to social support, Spanish adolescents (male and female) stood out over other nationalities, followed by Chilean and English adolescents (males and females). The results of the second objective indicated a negative relationship between aggressive tendency and academic self-realisation, but a positive relationship for social reactivity and social support (only in the Spanish sample) with most of the effective personality factors. The results are relevant for the application of prevention and intervention programs that improve or implement social and affective competencies in adolescents who develop the effective personality construct.

Predictors of COVID-19 voluntary compliance behaviors: An international investigation.

With a large international sample (n = 8317), the present study examined which beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 predict 1) following government recommendations, 2) taking health precautions (including mask wearing, social distancing, handwashing, and staying at home), and 3) encouraging others to take health precautions. The results demonstrate the importance of believing that taking health precautions will be effective for avoiding COVID-19 and generally prioritizing one's health. These beliefs continued to be important predictors of health behaviors after controlling for demographic and personality variables. In contrast, we found that perceiving oneself as vulnerable to COVID-19, the perceived severity of catching COVID-19, and trust in government were of relatively little importance. We also found that women were somewhat more likely to engage in these health behaviors than men, but that age was generally unrelated to voluntary compliance behaviors. These findings may suggest avenues and dead ends for behavioral interventions during COVID-19 and beyond.

Estado de conservación de prótesis totales de pacientes de una clínica dental universitaria en Ecuador / State of conservation of total prosthetics of patients of a university dental clinic in Ecuador

Objetivos: Analizar el estado de las prótesis totales removibles en una muestra de pacientes edéntulos bimaxilares, atendidos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo 2012-2015. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que se realizó en 70 pacientes que consultaron y recibieron tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis de los siguientes aspectos: oclusión balanceada bilateral, dimensión vertical oclusal, pérdida de dientes, fracturas, desgaste y año de realización de la prótesis, por medio de un cuestionario y un examen clínico elaborados para el estudio. Resultados: El 97,1% de pacientes presentan alguna condición afectada en su prótesis, el desgaste fue la alteración de mayor frecuencia, con 57,1%, sin embargo la oclusión balanceada bilateral correcta fue, 86%; dimensión vertical correcta, 76%; no hubo pérdida de dientes protésicos en, 90%; y ausencia de fracturas, 84%. Conclusiones: el estado protésico de los pacientes estudiados fue malo, al presentar al menos una alteración en una de sus características, de los cuales, la mayor frecuencia fueron pacientes mujeres, mayores a 45 años y con dos años de haberse realizado sus prótesis. (AU)

Objectives: To analyze the status of total removable prostheses in a sample of bimaxillary edentulous patients, attended at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca in the period 2012-2015. Materials and Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 70 patients who consulted and received treatment. An analysis of the following aspects was performed: bilateral balanced occlusion, vertical occlusal dimension, tooth loss, fractures, wear and year of the prosthesis, by means of a questionnaire and a clinical examination prepared for the study. Results: 97.1% of patients presented some condition affected in their prosthesis, wear was the most frequent alteration, with 57.1%; however the correct bilateral balanced occlusion was 86%; correct vertical dimension, 76%; there was no loss of prosthetic teeth in, 90%; and absence of fractures, 84%. Conclusions: the prosthetic status of the patients studied was poor, showing at least one alteration in one of its characteristics, of which, the most frequent were female patients, older than 45 years and two years after having had their prosthesis. (AU)

Estudio del impacto de la utilización de las plantas medicinales en los turistas que visitan el albergue Tahuayo Lodge / Study of the impact of the use of medicinal plants on tourists visiting the Tahuayo Lodge

Determina la parte útil, las técnicas de proceso y los métodos de aplicación de las plantas medicinales que generalmente se utilizan y requieren los turistas en el albergue. Determina el perfil del turista que se somete a la práctica de la medicina tradicional. Describe las enfermedades más comunes que los turistas experimentan con plantas medicinales en el albergue. Determina el grado de satisfacción del turista después del tratamiento con las plantas medicinales. De acuerdo a la investigación se concluye que la utilización de las plantas medicinales influyen significativamente en el mejoramiento y conservación en la salud de los turistas y visitantes del albergue Tahuayo Lodge; sin embargo, a la pregunta referente al grado de satisfacción, los turistas responden con el término "favorable" esto significa que la apreciación respecto a las plantas medicinales es moderada.

Un caso de un trastorno somatomorfo por somatización / A Case of Somatization Disorder

Introducción: con frecuencia, los trastornos somatomorfos suelen subdiagnosticarse, se conocen poco y se tratan mucho menos en los servicios psiquiátricos de los hospitales. Esto, por la resistencia de los pacientes a aceptar que su problema es emocional y no orgánico.Es importante reportar estos casos para ampliar el conocimiento y la experiencia con este tipo de trastornos. Objetivos: presentar un caso de un trastorno por somatización y revisar la literatura. Método: se hizo una historia clínica completa, una revisión bibliográfi ca sobre el tema y se contrastaron los hallazgos clínicos con la literatura existente. Resultados: los servicios de cardiología, medicina interna, gastroenterología y neurología descartaronla presencia de una enfermedad médica conocida que pudiera explicar los síntomas de la paciente. Las características clínicas halladas por psiquiatría reforzaron el diagnóstico de trastorno somatomorfo. Se encontró difi cultad para aplicar los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV-TR, debido a que son muy restrictivos. A pesar de esto, se piensa que este casocorresponde a un trastorno por somatización, aunque no cumpla con los criterios completos del DSM-IV-TR. Conclusiones: la difi cultad de hacer en la práctica clínica un correcto diagnóstico nosológico de estos trastornos sugiere la necesidad de revisarlos. La buena comunicación entre las distintas especialidades, y de éstas con el paciente, aclara el diagnósticoy mejora el pronóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad. Es preciso el uso de distintos tipos de psicoterapia en el hospital general para el abordaje de estos pacientes. Los antecedentes médicos, la personalidad premórbida y la búsqueda de factores emocionales fortalecen elproceso diagnóstico.

Hiponatremia e hipokalemia graves, recientes, asociadas a hidroclorotiazida, enalaprila y citalopram: caso clínico / Severe and recent hyponatremia and hypokalemia associated to the use of hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril and cytalopram: clinical case

We report a 72 years old hypertensive female, treated with enalapril 10 mg/day and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg/day during three years. She presented a depressive disorder and cytalopram was prescribed in a dose of 10 mg/day. Two weeks before admission, a serum electrolyte analysis disclosed normal results and the cytalopram dose was increased to 20 mg/day. The patient was admitted with a hyponatremic encephalopathy with a plasma sodium of 100 mEq/L and a plasma potassium of 2.0 mEq/L. cytalopram, enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide were discontinued, hypertonic NaCl and KCl were administered. The patient had a favorable evolution with a remarkable improvement of her symptoms