Cystic kidney diseases in children.

Cystic kidney disease comprises a broad group of heterogeneous diseases, which differ greatly in age at onset, disease manifestation, systemic involvement, disease progression, and long-term prognosis. As our understanding of these diseases continues to evolve and new treatment strategies continue to emerge, correctly differentiating and diagnosing these diseases becomes increasingly important. In this review, we aim to highlight the key features of the most relevant cystic kidney diseases, underscore important diagnostic characteristics of each disease, and present specific management options if applicable.

Salbutamol identification in liver and urine by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and densitometry.

This paper describes a rapid method for the identification of salbutamol in liver and urine. Salbutamol is extracted from liver with an acid solution, purified on Baker columns and eluted with methanol. After derivatization, salbutamol is detected on HPTLC plates as a blue spot. Urine samples are directly purified on the C18 columns and then the same procedure is followed as for the liver samples. Using this screening method, salbutamol can be semi-quantitatively determined at the micrograms/kg level.

Cimaterol and clenbuterol residue analysis by HPLC-HPTLC in liver.

A method has been developed for the analysis of cimaterol and clenbuterol residues in liver, with detection limits of 0.25 micrograms/kg and 0.5 micrograms/kg, respectively. The recovery varied from 55% to 60%. After extraction, a clean-up procedure with Baker-spe C-18 columns was performed. The two chemical compounds of interest were eluted with methanol. Cimaterol and clenbuterol were quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an RP-Select B (5 microns) column and a post-column reaction procedure. The positive results were confirmed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) as this technique reaches the same level of sensitivity as the HPLC method.