Percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with monitored anesthesia care decreases operative time but not pulmonary complications.

OBJECTIVES: To report our experience and compare the results of percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (PEVAR) performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) to PEVAR under general anesthesia (GA). METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent non-emergency endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) was completed. Patients were excluded if they had a complex repair, including fenestrated, branched, or parallel endografting. Demographics, operative data, 30-day mortality/morbidity and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 159 patients were identified with a median age of 69. 115 patients had PEVAR, 45 (39.1%) PEVAR MAC and 70 (60.9%) PEVAR GA. PEVAR MAC compared to PEVAR GA had decreased operative time (106 vs. 134 min, P < 0.001), time in the operating room (163 vs. 245 min, P = 0.016), and estimated blood loss (EBL) (115 vs. 176 mL P = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in the hospital length of stay (LOS) (1.9 vs. 2.7 days, P = 0.133), and post-operative complications including pulmonary (2.2 vs. 2.9%, P = 0.835). Forty-four patients had EVAR with a femoral cutdown (FC), including 14 PEVAR conversions. PEVAR conversion was associated with higher EBL (543 vs. 323 mL, P = 0.03), operative time (230 vs. 178 min, P = 0.01), and operating room time (307 vs. 275 min, P = 0.01) compared to planned EVAR with FC. CONCLUSIONS: PEVAR under MAC is associated with shorter time in the operating room compared to PEVAR under GA. PEVAR under MAC does however not decrease overall morbidities, including postoperative pulmonary complications.

Staged Treatment for an Unusual Case of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome Caused by Compression of the Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries.

We report the unusual presentation of a patient with median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) and compression of both the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). He underwent a staged treatment. First, a laparoscopic release of the median arcuate ligament was performed. In the second stage, due to persistent postprandial pain, the SMA was stented, resulting in complete symptom relief. Recognizing this rare anatomical presentation is very important to avoiding MALS misdiagnosis and providing the appropriate staged treatment.

Predicting Factors Associated with Postoperative Hypotension following Carotid Artery Stenting.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged hemodynamic instability after carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been associated with increased incidence of stroke and other major adverse events. The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with hypotension following CAS. In particular, this study evaluates whether involvement of the carotid bifurcation/bulb and degree of calcification can predict postoperative hypotension. METHODS: A retrospective review of 90 CASs performed in 88 patients at a single tertiary center was completed. In patients with proximal internal carotid stenosis involving the carotid bifurcation, the extent of bifurcation/bulb calcification on preoperative computed tomography angiography was assessed using a scoring system. Calcium scores were assigned based on the percent of circumferential calcification of carotid bifurcation as follows: grade 1, <10%; grade 2, 10-50%; grade 3, 50-90%; and grade 4, >90%. Perioperative factors associated with prolonged postoperative hypotension requiring vasopressor infusion were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, postoperative hypotension requiring vasopressors occurred in 26 (28.9%) of CAS. There were no differences in baseline demographics, comorbidities, or CAS indication between patients who required postoperative vasopressors for hypotension and those who did not. The majority of patients (64.4%) were on 2 or more antihypertensive medications preoperatively. Stenosis involved carotid bifurcation in 64 (71.1%) cases. Of these, 27 (42.2%) were grade 1, 19 (29.7%) were grade 2, 10 (15.6%) were grade 3, and 8 (12.5%) were grade 4 based on our calcium scoring system. On risk-adjusted analysis, carotid bifurcation/bulb involvement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-18.5) and preoperative regimen of 2 or more antihypertensives (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.1-16.0) were independent predictors of hypotension requiring vasopressors following CAS. Among patients with carotid bifurcation involvement, severity of calcium score was not a significant predictor of postoperative hypotension. CONCLUSIONS: CAS for carotid stenosis involving the carotid bifurcation/bulb is associated with a higher risk for postoperative hypotension requiring vasopressors. Patients with preoperative hypertension requiring 2 or more antihypertensive medications are also at increased risk. However, severity of carotid bifurcation calcification is not a significant predictor of need for postoperative vasopressors.

Hybrid Revascularization Combining Iliofemoral Endarterectomy and Iliac Stent Grafting for TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and D Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the outcome of hybrid revascularization combining iliofemoral endarterectomy and iliac artery stenting using covered stents in TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C and D aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) involving the common femoral artery (CFA). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted in patients with TASC C and D AIOD involving the CFA and undergoing hybrid revascularization. Covered stents were used primarily. Demographics, indications for surgery, lesion classification, hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day morbidity/mortality, hemodynamic and clinical success, and patency were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-six male patients (41 limbs), mean age 63.9 ± 6 years, were identified (TASC C = 39%, D = 61%). Indications for surgery were claudication (27%), rest pain (44%), and tissue loss (29%). A simultaneous adjunctive procedure (5 infrainguinal bypass, 3 superficial femoral artery stents) was performed in 22%. Thirty-day outcomes included 1 mortality (2.7%) and 2 reoperation (5.5%), 1 for femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and 1 for bilateral groin seroma. LOS was 4 days (interquartile range 3-6). All patients with available data experienced 30-day clinical and hemodynamic success. Mean follow-up was 23 months (range 1-79 months) with a primary patency of 85.4%. Cumulative primary assisted and secondary patency was 92.6%. The femoral patch repair was the most frequent site of reintervention (3/3). Mortality was 34% during the study period, and it was significantly higher in patients with tissue loss (57.1% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid approach has low morbidity, mortality, and fast recovery. The use of covered stents/stent grafts provides good mid-term patency. Close follow-up with noninvasive imaging is paramount to avoid repair failure, in particular at the femoral patch repair site.

Endovascular Aortoiliac Revascularization in a Patient with Spinal Cord Injury and Hip Contracture.

Treatment of chronic peripheral ischemic wounds in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) can be technically challenging, especially if they have significant hip contracture. This article describes the endovascular aortoiliac revascularization of a paraplegic patient with hip contracture and a hostile abdomen. It also reviews the particularity of the peripheral arterial system in SCI patients.