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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard for bone reconstruction. Osteogenic cells must be kept viable in graft for a successful procedure. In extracorporeal preservation of grafts during surgery, three different factors may influence the quality of grafts. These factors include temperature, storage medium, and time interval. PURPOSE: In this study, we evaluated the effects of different storage media, temperatures, and times on osteoblast count in autogenous bone grafts, preserved extracorporeally. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Samples were obtained from iliac crest region in a goat. The grafts were preserved in 36 groups of different storage time, temperature, and medium. Samples were histomorphometrically analyzed to determine osteoblast count as the criteria of graft quality. RESULTS: In almost all samples, room temperature was the most and incubator was the least favorable storage temperatures. In grafts preserved in room temperature, no difference was noted between normal saline and Ringer's lactate solution and in almost all of the samples autologous blood and dry environment were more favorable media than Ringer's lactate solution. The effect of storage time was highly depended on the combination of temperature and solution. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that for preserving as many osteoblasts as possible in bone grafts, the best temperature was room temperature and the least favorable temperature was incubator. In addition, when bone fragments were preserved in room temperature, the best medium for graft storage was blood, which showed better results than normal saline and Ringer's lactate solution.
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The tubular, pneumatic long bones of the bird present unique challenges in veterinary orthopedics. Various traditional and innovative forms of fracture fixation have been applied in bird orthopedic. The purpose of this study was to compare the applicability of the stainless steel intra-medullary pin with the pins made from ovine and canine long bones. Ovine and canine long bones were used to prepare pins in appropriate size and dimension. The pins were treated chemically, hydrated, dried, packaged and sterilized by ethylene oxide. Forty domestic male pigeons were divided into four equal groups. Pigeons were anesthetized by combination of xylazine and ketamine. Humeral bones were cut by a diamond disc burr. In the first group the fractured bones were not treated and was regarded as control group. In the second group stainless steel pins were inserted into the humeral medulla of pigeons; and in the third and fourth groups, prepared pins from ovine and canine long bones were inserted into the medulla, respectively. The operated wing was bandaged to the body and stabilized. Post-operative care included: clinical assessment of surgical wound, wing holding and flight assessment. The flight behavioral assessment and radiographic studies were carried out every two weeks for 32 weeks. After 32 weeks the pigeons of the first group were not able to fly, in the second group pigeons had imbalance in flight; and in the third and fourth groups the pigeons were able to fly with no problem. Radiographic study showed no significant differences between groups 2, 3 and 4 but there was a significant difference between group 1 and other three groups. None of the bone pins were rejected; all were absorbed in later stages in large quantities. The IM pins made from long bones of sheep and dog pins can be considered as an appropriate and alternative internal fixation technique, because they are very firm, strong, provide very good internal fixation for bone alignment, showing no tissue sensitivity, no rejection and therefore not necessity to be removed. While the stainless steel IM pin creates imbalance in flight and they have to be removed after bone union is completed, which needs another surgical intervention and stress.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the gallbladder for reconstruction of the inferior vena cava in a canine model. METHODS: The experimental study was conducted on 5 dogs; an oval window with a diameter of (4×1 cm) was made in the inferior vena cava and then repaired using the autologous gallbladder patch with preservation of gallbladder function. The patency and functionality of the graft were assessed macroscopically and microscopically at 2 months postoperatively. RESULTS: All the dogs were euthanized at 2 months, showing excellent patency of the vena cava macroscopically. In the microscopic examination, all the patches were completely endothelialized. No evidence of infection and inflammation and thrombosis was noted. CONCLUSION: The gallbladder patch is an available and safe alternate for reconstruction of the inferior vena cava at least in animal model. However, further well designed prospective studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical tendon injuries represent serious and unresolved issues of the case on how the injured tendons could be improved based on natural structure and mechanical strength. The aim of this studies the effect of aquatic activities and alogenic platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection in healing Achilles tendons of rats. METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Seventy two hours after a crush lesion on Achilles tendon, group 1 underwent aquatic activity for 8 weeks (five sessions per week), group 2 received intra-articular PRP (1 ml), group 3 had aquatic activity together with injection PRP injection after an experimental tendon injury, group 4 did not receive any treatment after tendon injury and the control group with no tendon injuries. of 32 rats. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the tendons were transferred in 10% formalin for histological evaluation. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in number of fibroblast and cellular density, and collagen deposition in group 3 comparing to other groups denoting to an effective healing in injured tendons. However, there was no significant difference among the studied groups based on their tendons diameter. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings on the number of fibroblast, cellular density, collagen deposition, and tendon diameter, it was shown that aquatic activity together with PRP injection was the therapeutic measure of choice enhance healing in tendon injuries that can open a window in treatment of damages to tendons.