SDGs Managers' Assessment Bias and Their Implications for Preventing Violence Against Women in Companies.

This study explores the role of managers' perceptions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in preventing violence against women in companies. Surveying 673 managers in Lima, Peru, it found gender-based discrepancies in SDG priorities, with men leaning toward industry goals and women toward well-being and gender equality. Socially ingrained gender biases influence prevention strategies: men often comply with mandatory measures, while women opt for noncompulsory strategic actions. Notably, a high valuation of SDG-5 (gender equality) correlates with diverse prevention efforts. The findings highlight the importance of addressing gender bias in company practices and improving business school formation.

Political and socioeconomic factors that shaped health taxes implementation in Peru.

BACKGROUND: In 2016 and 2018, the Peruvian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MoEF) significantly reformulated taxes on tobacco products, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). During these processes, different actors advanced arguments supporting or opposing the taxes. This study examines Peru's political and socioeconomic factors, the role of other actors and framing strategies, shaping health taxes introduction. METHODS: We conducted qualitative analysis by collecting information from three sources, such as: (1) media material (n=343 documents), (2) government documents (n=34) and (3) semistructured interviews (n=11). That data allowed us to identify and characterise the actors involved in implementing health taxes in Peru. We combined the data from these sources, synthesised our findings and conducted a stakeholder analysis. RESULTS: Key actors supporting taxes were the MoEF and civil society organisations, while trade associations and the alcohol, SSBs and tobacco industries opposed them using economic, trade-related arguments and criticised the policy process. The supporting group used arguments related to the economy and health to legitimate its narrative. The framing strategies employed by these stakeholders shaped and determined the outcome of the policy process. CONCLUSION: Peruvian stakeholders against health taxes demonstrated a strong capacity to convey their messages to the media and high-level policy-makers. Despite these efforts, attempts to interfere with health taxes were unsuccessful in 2016 and 2018 and failed to overcome state institutions, particularly the MoEF. Strong institutions and individual decision-makers in Peru also contributed to the successful implementation of health taxes in Peru in 2016 and 2018.

Labeling of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods in Peru: Current Dogma and Insights of the Regulatory and Legal Statutes.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and afflicted human lives and been a transformative catalyst leading to closure of many companies, disrupting mental health, and reducing access to food and exacerbating food insecurity. This presents an opportunity to reflect on and examine genetically modified (GM) foods and their effective legislative regulation for the benefit of consumers. This review presents a detailed analysis of GM foods' regulation in Peru and the analysis of certain specific cases that show the need for greater regulation of the industry.

[Nutrient profile of food products exempted from the application of front-ofpackage warnings during the first stage of the Healthy Eating Law in Peru: case studyPerfil nutricional de produtos alimentícios isentos da aplicação de advertências na parte frontal da embalagem durante a primeira etapa da Lei de Alimentação Saudável no Peru: estudo de caso]. / Perfil de nutrientes de productos alimentarios eximidos de la aplicación de advertencias en el frente del envase durante la primera etapa de la Ley de alimentación saludable en Perú: estudio de caso.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the nutritional profile of food products exempted from presenting one or more front-ofpackage nutritional warnings during the first stage of Law 30,021 on the Promotion of Healthy Eating for Children and Adolescents in Peru. METHODS: Data were collected on 188 products from points of sale in the city of Lima. The convenience sample included products that until September 17, 2021 were exempted by the legislation from presenting any of the warning labels for sugar, sodium, or saturated fats. An assessment was made of the proportion of products that would be required to apply one or more warning labels when the second stage of the legislation takes effect. It was also calculated how many products exempted from the application of warning labels contain excess sugar, sodium, or saturated fats, according to the criteria of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). RESULTS: 76.1% of the products exceeded at least one of the thresholds for sugar, sodium, or saturated fats that entered in force in September 2021. The proportion of products that the law exempts from warnings and that contain excess sugar, sodium, or saturated fats according to PAHO will be 4.2, 3.4, and 2.3 times lower, respectively, in the second stage. CONCLUSION: During the first stage of the law's entry into force, 58%, 42%, and 28.2% of the products exempted from the presentation of warning labels contained excess sugar, saturated fats, or sodium, respectively, according to PAHO.

OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil nutricional de produtos alimentícios isentos da aplicação de um ou mais selos de advertência nutricional na parte frontal da embalagem durante a primeira etapa de vigência da Lei 30021 de Promoção da Alimentação Saudável para Crianças e Adolescentes do Peru. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados de 188 produtos em pontos de venda da cidade de Lima. A amostra por conveniência incluiu produtos que, até 17 de setembro de 2021, estavam isentos, pela legislação, de apresentar quaisquer advertências para açúcar, sódio ou gorduras saturadas. Foi avaliada a proporção de produtos que seriam obrigados a apresentar um ou mais selos de advertência quando a segunda etapa da legislação entrasse em vigor. Verificou-se quantos produtos isentos da apresentação de advertências, pela legislação, contêm excesso de açúcar, sódio ou gorduras saturadas, segundo os critérios da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). RESULTADOS: 76,1% dos produtos ultrapassaram pelo menos um dos limiares para açúcar, sódio ou gorduras saturadas vigentes a partir de setembro de 2021. A proporção de produtos isentos de apresentar advertências, pela legislação, e que contêm excesso de açúcar, sódio ou gorduras saturadas, segundo a OPAS, será 4,2, 3,4 e 2,3 vezes menor, respectivamente, a partir da segunda etapa. CONCLUSÃO: Durante a primeira etapa de vigência da lei, 58%, 42% e 28,2% dos produtos isentos da apresentação de advertências continham excesso de açúcar, gorduras saturadas ou sódio, respectivamente, segundo a OPAS.

The Peru Approach against the COVID-19 Infodemic: Insights and Strategies.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spawned an "infodemic," with excessive and unfounded information that hinders an appropriate public health response. This perspective describes a selection of COVID-19 fake news that originated in Peru and the government's response to this information. Unlike other countries, Peru was relatively successful in controlling the infodemic possibly because of the implementation of prison sentences for persons who created and shared fake news. We believe that similar actions by other countries in collaboration with social media companies may offer a solution to the infodemic problem.

[Indiscriminate use of pesticides and lack of sanitary control in the domestic market in PeruUso indiscriminado de pesticidas e falta de controle sanitário do mercado interno no Peru]. / Uso indiscriminado de pesticidas y ausencia de control sanitario para el mercado interno en Perú.

This communication seeks to report the level of contamination of foodstuffs of animal and vegetable origin monitored by a health authority of Peru, namely the National Agrarian Health Service (SENASA), in order to inform consumers and national authorities of the current situation of sanitary control of the Peruvian domestic market.Information was obtained from reports posted on the SENASA website. The data considered correspond to those present in evaluation reports of all food types of vegetable and animal origin analyzed in the period 2011-2015.Results for this period show that 202 samples of animal and plant origin were in violation of standards (noncompliant). Overall, 12.68% of food samples of animal origin and 24.87% of food samples of vegetable origin were noncompliant. Over the course of the studied period, a 30.73% increase in the proportion of noncompliant samples was observed, reaching as high as 50%.The levels of contamination of foods of animal and vegetable origin monitored by SENASA are concerning. It is thus recommended that concrete actions be implemented to address this situation, and that these actions be prioritized and planned with the involvement of all actors in Peru's agricultural system in order to introduce the necessary regulatory changes and establish clear, measurable, and achievable indicators of monitoring and control to protect the health of the population.

Notificar o grau de contaminação de alimentos de origem animal e vegetal medido pela agência sanitária do Peru (Serviço Nacional de Sanidade Agrária, SENASA) a fim de informar o consumidor e as autoridades nacionais da situação de controle sanitário do mercado interno do país.A informação foi obtida de informes publicados no website do SENASA. Os dados correspondem aos obtidos de informes de avaliação de todos os tipos de alimentos de origem animal e vegetal analisados no período entre 2011 e 2015.Os resultados obtidos para o período de estudo revelam que 202 amostras de alimentos de origem animal e vegetal descumprem as normas (não conformidade). O percentual de amostras não conformes foi 12,68% para os alimentos de origem animal e 24,87% para os alimentos de origem vegetal. Observou-se neste período aumento de 30,73% das amostras em não conformidade, inclusive alcançando 50%.O grau de contaminação dos alimentos de origem animal e vegetal medido pelo SENASA é preocupante. Recomendam-se medidas concretas para enfrentar este problema e tais medidas devem ser priorizadas e planejadas com a participação de todos os interessados diretos do sistema agrícola do Peru a fim de introduzir as mudanças reguladoras necessárias e estabelecer indicadores claros, mensuráveis e alcançáveis para monitoramento e controle para proteger a saúde da população.

Uso indiscriminado de pesticidas y ausencia de control sanitario para el mercado interno en Perú / Indiscriminate use of pesticides and lack of sanitary control for the domestic market in Peru

Notificar el nivel de contaminación de los alimentos de origen animal y vegetal monitorizados por la autoridad sanitaria en Perú, que realiza el Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA), para poder informar al consumidor y a las autoridades nacionales de la situación del control sanitario del mercado interno en el país. La información se ha obtenido de los informes incluidos en la página web del SENASA. Los datos considerados corresponden a los de los informes de evaluación de todos los tipos de alimentos de origen vegetal y animal analizados en el período comprendido entre 2011 y 2015. Para este período, los resultados muestran que 202 muestras de animales y vegetales incumplen las normas (son no conformes). El porcentaje de muestras de alimentos de origen animal no conformes fue 12,68% y el correspondiente a alimentos de origen vegetal, 24,87%. En el periodo estudiado, se observó un aumento de 30,73% de las muestras no conformes, que incluso ha alcanzado 50%. Los niveles de contaminación de los alimentos de origen animal y vegetal monitorizados por el SENASA son preocupantes. Por ello, se recomienda iniciar acciones concretas para afrontar esta situación, confiando en que estas acciones sean priorizadas y planificadas con la participación de todos los actores del sistema agrícola de Perú a fin de introducir los cambios regulatorios necesarios y establecer indicadores claros, medibles y alcanzables de monitorización y control para proteger la salud de la población.