RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Indigenous women in the high-income countries of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and USA, have a higher incidence and mortality from cervical cancer than non-Indigenous women. Increasing cervical screening coverage could ultimately decrease cervical cancer disparities. AIMS: To increase cervical screening for under-screened/never-screened Maori women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cluster randomised controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were women aged 25-69, last screened ≥4 years ago, in Northland, New Zealand. The intervention arm was the offer of a human papilloma virus (HPV) self-test and the control arm was the usual offer of standard care - a cervical smear. The primary outcome was rate of cervical screening in the intervention group compared to control in Maori, the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand. Six primary care clinics were randomly allocated to intervention or control. RESULTS: Of 500 eligible Maori women in the intervention arm, 295 (59.0%) were screened. Of 431 eligible Maori women in the control arm, 94 (21.8%) were screened. Adjusting for age, time since last screen, deprivation index, Maori women in the intervention arm were 2.8 times more likely to be screened than women in the control arm (95% CI: 2.4-3.1, P-value <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Offer of HPV self-testing could potentially halve the number of under-screened/never-screened Maori women and decrease cervical morbidity and mortality. These results may be generalisable to benefit Indigenous peoples facing similar barriers in other high-income countries.