Lung Cancer Screening in People With COPD: The Pamplona-IELCAP Experience.

INTRODUCTION: The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommends lung cancer screening for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but data is lacking regarding results of screening in this high-risk population. The main goal of the present work is to explore if lung cancer screening with Low Dose Chest Tomography (LDCT) in people with COPD, allows lung cancer (LC) diagnosis in early stages with survival compatible with curative state. METHODS: This is a post hoc exploratory analysis. Pamplona International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (P-IELCAP) participants with a GOLD defined obstructive pattern (post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<0.70) were selected for analysis. The characteristics of those who developed LC and their survival are described. A Cox proportional analysis explored the factors associated with LC diagnosis. RESULTS: Eight hundred and sixty-five patients (77% male, 93% in spirometric GOLD stage 1+2) were followed for 102±63 months. LC prevalence was 2.6% at baseline, with an annual LC diagnosis rate of 0.68%. Early-stage tumors predominated (74%) with a median survival (25-75th percentiles) of 139 (76-185) months. Cumulative tobacco exposure, FEV1%, and emphysema were the main predictors of an LC diagnosis. Eight (11%) patients with COPD had a second LC, most of them in early stage (92%), and 6 (8%) had recurrence. Median survival (25-75th percentiles) in these patients was 168 (108-191) months. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer screening of selected high-risk participants with COPD allowed the LC diagnosis in early stages with survival compatible with curative state.

Cirugía bariátrica: Cambios fisiológicos en el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico / Bariatric Surgery: Physiological changes in the treatment of metabolic syndrome

La cirugía bariátrica (CB) consiste en una serie de procedimientos quirúrgicos que actúan restringiendo la capacidad gástrica y/o produciendo malabsorción parcial de los alimentos debido a diversas alteraciones fisiológicas de los péptidos incretinas, los ácidos biliares y del sistema autónomo; cuyo objetivo principal es generar pérdidas significativas de peso a corto y largo plazo, logrando reducir las morbilidades asociadas al Sindrome Metabólico (SM), el cual se asocia a mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), Hipertensión Arterial (HTA), lesiones tempranas en órganos blanco, entre otros. La persistencia de dichos beneficios a largo plazo ha permitido realizar estudios longitudinales observando la disminución del riesgo de aparición de enfermedades metabólicas, reducción del riesgo cardiovascular y la mortalidad general de obesos mórbidos. En este artículo de revisión se realiza una puesta al día de las evidencias que sustentan los beneficios de la CB como terapéutica en estos pacientes dado que ninguna otra intervención médica trata simultáneamente tantas comorbilidades.

Bariatric surgery consists in a series of surgical procedures that act through the restriction of gastric capacity or partial food malabsortion due to various physiological modifications of incretin hormones, bile acids and autonomous system; whose main objective is to generate short and long term significant weight loss, achieving to reduce morbidities associated with Metabolic Syndrome (SM) and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), Hypertension (HTA), early lesions in target organs and others. Most of the benefits of bariatric surgery persist long term, this feature has allowed longitudinal studies looking at the decreased risk of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular risk reduction and overall mortality in morbidly obese. This review is an update of the supporting the benefits of CB as therapy in these patients because no other medical intervention is simultaneously performed many comorbidities.