Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19.

PURPOSE: Hypovitaminosis D is a highly spread condition correlated with increased risk of respiratory tract infections. Nowadays, the world is in the grip of the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic. In these patients, cytokine storm is associated with disease severity. In consideration of the role of vitamin D in the immune system, aim of this study was to analyse vitamin D levels in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and to assess any correlations with disease severity and prognosis. METHODS: In this retrospective, observational study, we analysed demographic, clinical and laboratory data of 42 patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, treated in Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit (RICU) of the Policlinic of Bari from March, 11 to April 30, 2020. RESULTS: Eighty one percent of patients had hypovitaminosis D. Based on vitamin D levels, the population was stratified into four groups: no hypovitaminosis D, insufficiency, moderate deficiency, and severe deficiency. No differences regarding demographic and clinical characteristics were found. A survival analysis highlighted that, after 10 days of hospitalization, severe vitamin D deficiency patients had a 50% mortality probability, while those with vitamin D ≥ 10 ng/mL had a 5% mortality risk (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was found in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure, treated in a RICU. Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency had a significantly higher mortality risk. Severe vitamin D deficiency may be a marker of poor prognosis in these patients, suggesting that adjunctive treatment might improve disease outcomes.

Lymphocyte subsets as biomarkers of therapeutic response in Fingolimod treated Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis patients.

We investigated, lymphocyte count (LC) and lymphocyte subpopulations (LS) in a real life setting of Fingolimod (FTY) treated Relapsing MS (RMS) patients. Peripheral blood counts with LS, relapses and MRI scans were recorded in a cohort of 119 FTY patients, during one year of treatment. Simple and multivariate logistic regression models, were performed. ROC analysis identified cut-off values of LS predicting a higher risk of relapses and of Gd+ lesions. We demonstrated a FTY-induced re-modulation of the immune system, suggesting that LS in RMS FTY treated patients can predict the clinical response to the drug.

The role of neutralizing antibodies to interferon-ß as a biomarker of persistent MRI activity in multiple sclerosis: a 7-year observational study.

PURPOSE: During interferon-ß (IFN-ß) therapy, up to 45 % of patients may develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), associated with a decreased efficacy of the drug. We investigated in a real-life setting the impact of NAbs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in a population of 567 IFN-ß-treated relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients up to 7 years. We also evaluated NAbs' role as a biomarker of the persistence of MRI disease activity. METHODS: Patients' sera were tested for NAbs' presence by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay every 6-12 months. MRI scans were performed every 12 months. Generalized hierarchical linear models accounting for within-patient correlation were used to analyze T1 gadolinium-enhancing and new T2 lesions. Moreover, further tests were carried out to assess the overall outcome difference from year 1 to year 7 according to NAb status and the possible interaction between NAb status and time of follow-up. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (13.2 %) became NAb positive (NAb+) during the follow-up. Considering T1 gadolinium-enhancing (GD+) lesions, we observed a significantly higher incidence in NAb+ patients (52 %, p = 0.0091). Also for new T2 lesions, we found a higher incidence in NAb+ patients (50 %, p = 0.0075). The negative impact of NAbs on the MRI outcomes considered did not change during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our 7-year results show the negative effect of NAbs on MRI measures of disease activity and confirm their role as a surrogate marker of IFN-ß treatment efficacy.

[AOR characterization and zoning: a dosimeter for blue light]. / Caratterizzozione e zonizzazione per R.O.A.: un dosimetro per luce blu.

The paper presents the results obtained thanks to an innovative experimental device for the assessment of artificial optical radiation (AOR) exposure in workplace. This . device was developed by 'Politecnico di Bari-DIASS'. The wearable personal dosimeter has three sensors: one is used for measuring head position/movement, therefore there is a color light sensor to determine the AOR and finally there is a video camera to localize sources. Our system is connected to a netbook via USB cable that allows one to obtain the real and extimated value of worker's exposure, also with "augmented reality". The aim of this paper is realizing work place safety zoning for the classifacation of not only specific dangerous areas through the analysis of overlapping information from the device.

Association between histological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and coronary heart disease: results of a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Several epidemiological and clinical reports have investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and ischemic heart disease (IHD). All studies utilized for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection the antibody titre that is unable to distinguish an actual from a previous H. pylori infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a retrospective analysis on 149 subjects, who underwent an esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, in whom the search for H. pylori was histologically performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of IHD is not significantly different from that observed in H. pylori free patients (26% vs 21%, p = 0.527). CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism underlying the possible role of H. pylori needs further investigation and prospective studies to further analyze the relationship between "active" H. pylori infection and ischemic heart disease were necessary.