The Relationship Between Experiences of Pain Among Youth With Obesity and Health-Related Quality of Life: The Role of Functional Limitation, Sleep, and Depressive Symptoms.

Background: Pediatric obesity is a growing concern in the United States and has been linked to negative psychological health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and decreased quality of life. Obesity is a complex disease that is influenced by several environmental and social factors that are often out of an individuals' control. The etiology of pain in youth with obesity is not well understood. There are likely many factors that overlap and influence each other, including those related to functional limitation, sleep quality, and psychological health that exacerbate symptoms as a whole. Methods: This study examined the relationship between obesity level (BMI z-score) and youth self reports of: pain, functional limitation, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Ninety-eight patients completed validated surveys of pain, pain burden, functional disability, sleep, depression, and HRQoL as standard of care during their initial visit in Weight Management Program at Connecticut Children's Medical Center. Indirect effects of pain measures (pain scores and pain burden) on HRQoL through functional limitation, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms, respectively, were tested using bootstrapping according to Hayes.34 Results: Significant indirect effects and full mediation for both models were found. Conclusions: This study uniquely contributes to existing research through the discovery of the serial mediating effects of these variables in the relationship between youth pain and HRQoL. Although these variables have been studied independently as influential in this relationship in past research, this is the first study to examine how they interact through serial mediation models.

Family Conflict, Physical Symptoms, and Post Traumatic Stress among Sexual Minorities during the COVID Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Sexual minorities experience health disparities compared to heterosexuals due to their stigmatized identies. The COVID- 19 pandemic has further exacerbated these disparities. Sexual minorities were surveyed about their experiences during the pandemic and asked about family conflict and minority stress as predictors of Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) and physical health symptoms, as well as psychological symptoms as a mediator of these relationships. We surveyed 435 sexual minorities who were recruited from Mechanical MTurk. Participants completed questionnaires that included demographics, PTSS in response to the pandemic, family conflict, minority stress, psychological symptoms, and physical health outcomes. Our findings support a moderated mediational model, explaining the relationships between family conflict, minority stress, PTSS and physical symptoms. Specifically, those participants who are high in minority stress are vulnerable to family conflict resulting in increased PTSS and physical symptoms. Psychological symptoms mediated these relationships.