Microbiological interpretation of weak ultrasound enhanced biological wastewater treatment - using Escherichia coli degrading glucose as model system.

The Escherichia coli (E.coli) degrading glucose irradiated by ultrasound irradiation (20 W, 14 min) was investigated as the model system, the glucose degradation increased by 13 % while the E.coli proliferation decreased by 10 % after culture for 18 h. It indicated a tradeoff effect between substrate degradation and cell proliferation, which drove the enhanced contaminants removal and excess sludge reduction in a weak ultrasound enhanced biological wastewater treatment. The enzymatic activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, adenosine triphosphatases, lactic dehydrogenase, membrane permeability, intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium ion of E. coli increased immediately by 12 %, 63 %, 124 %, 19 %, 15 %, 4-fold and 38-fold, respectively by ultrasound irradiation power of 20 W for 14 min. Furthermore, the membrane permeability of irradiated E. coli increased by 26 % even though the ultrasound stopped for 10 h. Additionally, pathways associated with glucose degradation and cell proliferation were continuously up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively.

Experimental study on improvement effect of guide wall to water flow in bend of spillway chute.

In order to improve water flow in a bend of a spillway chute using a guide wall, modeling experiments with or without a guide wall under conditions of three different bend axial radii, three chute bottom slopes and three flow rates were carried out in this study. Two indexes were calculated, which are the improved water surface uniformity and the reduced rate of water surface difference in concave and convex banks of the cross-section. The results show that: (1) setting a guide wall in a bend can improve water flow in the bend because it increased the water surface uniformity of the cross-section and reduced the water surface difference in the concave and convex banks; (2) the smaller the bend axial radius, the better the water surface improvement effect will be using a guide wall; (3) the steeper the bottom slope, the more cross-sections with less water surface difference; and (4) flow rates have a great influence on water surface improvement in the bend, and the guide wall can improve water flow obviously when the water depth in the starting section of the bend is lower than the height of the guide wall. This study has important implications in engineering design of guide walls.