Development of a subcutaneous endometriosis rat model.

PURPOSE: To present a rat model of subcutaneous endometriosis for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs. METHODS: Fifty three-month-old female Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus) were distributed into one control group and four treatment groups: estradiol (2.5; 5; 10 mg/kg s.c.), medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.5; 2; 5 mg/kg s.c.), triptorelin pamoate (0.18; 0.56 mg/kg s.c.) and acetylsalicylic acid (3 mg/kg per os). The animals were autoimplanted subcutaneously with 4x4-mm uterine fragments to induce endometriosis. The endometriomas were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. The relative dry and wet weights of the endometrioma were used to evaluate response to the drug. Endometrial-like tissue was confirmed by histology. The greatest weight gain was observed on day 14 (relative wet weight: 29.1 ± 6.7 mg%, relative dry weight: 5.3 ± 0.9 mg %). Treatments were administered between day 5 and day 14. RESULTS: The relative wet weight of the hemiuterus in the 10 mg/kg estradiol group differed significantly from control and the other two estradiol groups (p=0.0001). In the medroxyprogesterone acetate group the weight decreased significantly but this decrease was not dose-dependent. Weight reduction was also significant in the triptorelin pamoate and the acetylsalicylic acid groups. CONCLUSION: The model of subcutaneous endometriosis is reproducible, low-cost and easy to perform, and suitable for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs.

Development of a subcutaneous endometriosis rat model

PURPOSE: To present a rat model of subcutaneous endometriosis for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs. METHODS: Fifty three-month-old female Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus) were distributed into one control group and four treatment groups: estradiol (2.5; 5; 10mg/kg sc), medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.5; 2; 5mg/kg sc), triptorelin pamoate (0.18; 0.56mg/kg sc) and acetylsalicylic acid (3mg/kg per os). The animals were autoimplanted subcutaneously with 4x4-mm uterine fragments to induce endometriosis. The endometriomas were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. The relative dry and wet weights of the endometrioma were used to evaluate response to the drug. Endometrial -like tissue was confirmed by histology. The greatest weight gain was observed on day 14 (relative wet weight: 29.1 ± 6.7mg%, relative dry weight: 5.3 ± 0.9mg %). Treatments were administered between day 5 and day 14. RESULTS: The relative wet weight of the hemiuterus in the 10mg/kg estradiol group differed significantly from control and the other two estradiol groups (p=0.0001). In the medroxyprogesterone acetate group the weight decreased significantly but this decrease was not dose-dependent. Weight reduction was also significant in the triptorelin pamoate and the acetylsalicylic acid groups. CONCLUSION: The model of subcutaneous endometriosis is reproducible, low-cost and easy to perform, and suitable for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs. .

Elevated diastolic blood pressure in insulin-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to further understand interrelationships between insulin resistance in PCOS and elevated diastolic blood pressure. DESIGN: A prospective case control study. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty normal women and 43 PCOS patients, 16 of them with insulin resistance. SETTING: Academic Institution. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical, anthropometric and ultrasonographic features of PCOS were assessed, as were blood levels for luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, androstenedione, DHEAS, and basal insulin. A lipid profile and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were also performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To demonstrate the effect of insulin resistance on blood pressure in patients with PCOS. RESULTS: Patients with PCOS and those with PCOS plus insulin resistance (IR) had significantly elevated levels of plasma androgen but only those with IR showed greater body mass index and waist: hip ratios than PCOS or control. PCOS plus IR differed significantly in their response to OGTT when compared to PCOS or control. Alterations in lipid profile were shown to be atherogenic. Patients with PCOS plus IR demonstrated a significant elevation of diastolic blood pressure when compared to PCOS alone or controls. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that hyperlipidemia and IR may be involved in the pathophysiologic features of the elevated diastolic blood pressure in PCOS patients.

Is screening for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in women with genital human papillomavirus intraepithelial lesions necessary? / Há necessidade de rastreio para lesão intraepitelial anal em mulheres com lesões intraepiteliais genitais por papilomavírus humano?

Parece haver uma relação bastante estreita entre lesões genitais e anais associadas ao papilomavírus humano (HPV), bem como sua relação com a patogênese de neoplasias nesses sítios. Objetivo: Avaliar a existência de dados publicados que sugiram a necessidade de rastreio para lesão intraepitelial anal entre mulheres com lesões genitais associadas ao HPV. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de pesquisas originais publicadas entre 2001 e 2014 nos bancos de dados: PubMed, High Wire, Biblioteca Cochrane e Google Acadêmico. As palavras-chaves para busca foram: "rastreio" ou "detecção precoce de câncer" e "anus" ou "anus diseases" ou "anus neoplasms" e "woman" ou "women" e "HPV" ou "DNA probes, HPV". Resultados: A busca inicial retornou 1203 artigos. Após a publicação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão e da análise dos revisores, restaram 15 trabalhos que foram empregados para compor a presente revisão. Grande parte dos estudos apontou que mulheres com lesões genitais pelo HPV apresentavam maior risco de lesões anais em comparação com mulheres normais. Verificou-se também a relação entre neoplasia genital e infecção anal por tipos oncogênicos do HPV e o papel do vírus no desenvolvimento do câncer anal. Conclusão: O rastreio de lesões em mulheres com lesões genitais por HPV deve ser indicado. O método mais adequado para tal ainda deve ser mais bem estudado.

Thre seems to be a fairly close relationship between genital and anal lesions associated with human papilomavirus (HPV) and with the pathogenesis of malignancies in such sites. Objective: This review seeks to analyze published papers that suggest the necessity for anal intraepithelial lesions screening in women with HPV genital intraepithelial lesions. Methods: A systematic review of original research published between 2001 and 2014 was performed in the databases PubMed, High Wire, Cochrane Library and Scholar Google. The keywords for the search were: "screening" or "early detection of cancer" and "anus" or "anus diseases" or "neoplasms anus" and "woman" or "women" and "HPV" or "DNA probes, HPV". Results: 1203 articles were selected in ht e first search. After the reviewers applied exclusion and inclusion criteria and analyzed the papers, 15 were selected to compose this review. Most of them showed higher rates of anal intraepithelial lesions in women with genital intraepithelial lesions than in regular women. We also found a correlation between genital neoplasms and anal infection by oncogenic HPV types and the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of anal cancer. Conclusion: Screening for anal lesions in women with HPV genital lesions should be indicated, and further studies are required to determine the best methods.

Effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on estradiol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in health rodents

PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of classical acupuncture (Ac) and electroacupuncture (EAc) on estradiol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in health rodents. METHODS: Twenty-four eight-week old female rats were treated with estradiol valerate (EV) 4.0 mg i.m. single dose and randomly assigned to four groups (n=6): G1(control), G2 (Ac), G3 (EAc 2 Hz) and G4 (EAc 100 Hz). After 60 days all rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate 10% (0.1 ml/30 g weight of the animal) and submitted to Ac/EAc for twenty minutes. The procedures were repeated on days three, five, seven and nine of the study. The equivalent of the human right ST-36 (Zusanli) and SP-6 (Sanyinjiao) acupoints were chosen for needling and electrical stimulation. On the 10th day of the experiment, all rats were anesthetized for collection of blood and tissues (ovaries) samples for biochemical analysis and histological examination. RESULTS:Glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations increased significantly in all groups (plasma and ovary) while myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased significantly in all groups compared with control group (G1). CONCLUSIONS:Both classical acupuncture and electroacupuncture decrease systemic and local oxidative stress and ovary inflammation in healthy rats exposed to estrogenic stimulation. EAc enhances lipid peroxidation at systemic and local levels in female rats exposed to estrogenic stimulation.

Effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on estradiol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in health rodents.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of classical acupuncture (Ac) and electroacupuncture (EAc) on estradiol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in health rodents. METHODS: Twenty-four eight-week old female rats were treated with estradiol valerate (EV) 4.0 mg i.m. single dose and randomly assigned to four groups (n=6): G1(control), G2 (Ac), G3 (EAc 2 Hz) and G4 (EAc 100 Hz). After 60 days all rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate 10% (0.1 ml/30 g weight of the animal) and submitted to Ac/EAc for twenty minutes. The procedures were repeated on days three, five, seven and nine of the study. The equivalent of the human right ST-36 (Zusanli) and SP-6 (Sanyinjiao) acupoints were chosen for needling and electrical stimulation. On the 10th day of the experiment, all rats were anesthetized for collection of blood and tissues (ovaries) samples for biochemical analysis and histological examination. RESULTS: Glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations increased significantly in all groups (plasma and ovary) while myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased significantly in all groups compared with control group (G1). CONCLUSIONS: Both classical acupuncture and electroacupuncture decrease systemic and local oxidative stress and ovary inflammation in healthy rats exposed to estrogenic stimulation. EAc enhances lipid peroxidation at systemic and local levels in female rats exposed to estrogenic stimulation.