Identification and characterization of the trnS/pseudo-tRNA/nad3/rps12 gene cluster from Coix lacryma-jobi L: organization, transcription and RNA editing.

During a study of mitochondrial sequence conservation between the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and several Angiosperm species, as revealed by heterologous hybridization experiments, the trnS/pseudo-tRNA/nad3/rps12 gene cluster in Coix lacryma-jobi L., an Asian grass species from the Andropogoneae, was identified using the mitochondrial probe orf167 from M. polymorpha. The Coix gene cluster was cloned and sequenced, and its expression analyzed. The gene sequence and gene locus organization were found to be similar to the corresponding cluster in wheat and maize. Northern hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that nad3 and rps12 genes were co-transcribed as a 1.25 kb RNA molecule. The transcript displayed 20 and six RNA edition sites, in the nad3 and rps12 genes, respectively, that changed the codon identities to amino acids, which are better conserved in different organisms. Twenty-three cDNA clones were analysed for the edition process and revealed different partial editing patterns without apparent sequential processing.

[Epidemiological analysis of pediatric tuberculosis in the city of Rio de Janeiro] / Situação epidemiológica da tuberculose infantil no Município do Rio de Janeiro.

With the purpose of studying the epidemiological situation of pediatric tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, we analyze the reporting forms for 560 patients under 15 years of age, among those being monitored by the city Tuberculosis Control Program. The following variables were studied: age, clinical form, results of laboratory tests, and places where the patients were seen. About 96% of the data investigated was found. The main results were the following: 1. the relative percentage of cases among children compared to adults was similar in Rio de Janeiro (6.6%) and Brazil (6.7%); both were far below the percentage expected by the Brazilian Ministry of Health; 2. 70% of cases presented with the pulmonary form of the disease; among these, microscopy was performed in 50%, with 29% of positive results; 38% of the patients displayed radiological lesions, with signs of cavitation; 3. only 24% of the case contacts were controlled; 4. incidence rates of all forms of tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro were much higher (as much as 62.6 times higher for some coefficients) as compared to Brazil as a whole; and 5. prevalence of positive serology for HIV was at least 4.1%.