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1.
Mali Med ; 38(2): 10-16, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506179

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Malaria and malnutrition are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five in Mali. This study is part of the analysis of the association between both in children under five after a seasonal malaria chemoprevention distribution campaign. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional household survey in rural areas after a seasonal malaria chemoprevention distribution campaign to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and parasitaemia in children under five who had passed the season of high transmission of malaria in the health district of Kita. After obtaining written consent, each child was given a physical examination, hemoglobin testing using the Hemocue machine, a thick drop and a thin smear. , A rapid diagnostic test was performed in febrile children. The data was analyzed with ENA 2020 and Stata software version 15.0. Measures of association were made using the chi-square test and a multiple logistic regression model. Odds ratios were used with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: We selected 308 children aged 6 to 59 months. The prevalence of malaria was 13.6%, it was 15%, 17% and 25% respectively for wasting, underweight and stunting. The susceptibility to malaria increased with age and that of wasting decreased with age. There was no significant relationship between malaria disease and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: There is no significant association between malaria and malnutrition in our study.


INTRODUCTION: Le paludisme et la malnutrition font partie des causes majeures de morbidité et de mortalité chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans au Mali. La présente étude s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'analyse de l'association entre le paludisme et le statut nutritionnel après une campagne de distribution de la chimio-prévention du paludisme saisonnier. MÉTHODES: Une enquête transversale auprès des ménages en milieu rural pour déterminer la prévalence de la malnutrition et de la parasitémie chez les enfants de 6 à 59 mois qui ont passé la saison de transmission dans le district sanitaire de Kita. Après l'obtention d'un consentement écrit, chaque enfant a bénéficié d'un examen clinique, d'un dosage du taux d'hémoglobine, d'une goutte épaisse. Un test de diagnostic rapide a été réalisé chez les enfants fébriles. Les données ont été analysées avec les logiciels ENA 2020 et Stata version 15.0. Les mesures de l'association ont été effectuées par l'utilisation du test de Khi deux et du modèle de régression logistique multiple. RÉSULTATS: au total308 enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois ont été sélectionné. La prévalence du paludisme était de 13,6%, elle était 15%, 17% et 25% respectivement pour l'émaciation, l'insuffisance pondérale et le retard de croissance. La susceptibilité de faire un paludisme maladie augmentait avec l'âge et celle de l'émaciation diminuait avec l'âge. Il n'y avait pas de relation significative entre le paludisme et le statut nutritionnel. CONCLUSION: il n'y a pas d'association significative entre le paludisme et la malnutrition dans notre étude.

2.
Mali Med ; 36(4): 54-58, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200728

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Maternal mortality remains a public health problem in developing countries, including Mali. Among the factors associated with maternal mortality are sociodemographic and economicfactors, but also dysfunctions related to the health care system. It is in this context that this study was conducted in the gynecology and obstetrics department of the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou to determine the factors associated with maternal deaths by the audit method in the Segouregion. METHOD: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study that was conducted from January 2014 to December 2015. The data were captured and analyzed on Epi Info version 2003. RESULTS: The analysisincluded 41 auditeddeaths out of 79 maternaldeathsreportedduring the period, amaternalmortality rate of 51.90%. Direct obstetric causes accounted for the majority (51.23%). Of these causes hemorrhagewas the main with 17.08% followed by eclampsia (14.63%). 31.71% of deathswerepreventable. The main riskfactorsidentifiedwere: delayed care, referral / evacuationdelay, diagnostic errors (hospitallevel), non-availability of blood. CONCLUSION: Continueddeath audits at the healthfacilitylevelcouldbe an approach to improving the quality of care and reducingmaternal and perinataldeaths.


INTRODUCTION: La mortalité maternelle demeure un problème de santé publique dans les pays en voie de développement dont le Mali. Parmi les facteurs associés à la mortalité maternelle on peut citer notamment les facteurs sociodémographiques et économiques, mais aussi les dysfonctionnements liés au système de soins. C'est dans ce cadre que cette étude été menée dans le service de gynéco-obstétrique de l'hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou pour déterminer les facteurs associés aux décès maternels par la méthode d'audit dans la région de Ségou. MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive et rétrospective qui a étéréaliséede janvier 2014 à décembre 2015. Les données ont été saisies et analysées sur Epi Info version 2003. RÉSULTATS: L'analyse a porté sur 41 décèsaudités sur 79 décès maternels notifiés au cours de la période, soit un taux de décès maternels audités de 51,90%.Les causes obstétricales directes étaient majoritaires (51,23%).Parmi ces causes l'hémorragieétait la principale avec 17,08% suivie de l'éclampsie (14,63%). 31,71% des décès étaient évitables.Les principaux facteurs de risques identifiés ont été :le retard de prise en charge, le retard de référence / évacuation, les erreurs de diagnostic (niveau hôpital), la non disponibilité du sang. CONCLUSION: La poursuite des audits des décès au niveau des établissements de santé pourrait être une approche d'amélioration de la qualité des soins et de réduction des décès maternels et périnatals.

3.
Rev Mali Infect Microbiol ; 15(1): 54-60, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34178289

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Malaria is a public health problem in Mali. Seasonal chemo prevention (SCP) is of particular importance, hence its introduction by the WHO since 2012 in children aged 3 to 59 months from the start of the transmission season. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of SCP on malaria in the health districts of Kangaba and Kolokani. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective study was carried out from 2013 to 2015 in the health districts of Kangaba and Kolokani using the databases of the NGO AMCP / ALIMA. Data from 2014 and 2015 were compared to data from 2013. RESULTS: The number of malaria cases in children under 5year in the area covered by the SCP shows a considerable decrease in Kangaba of 52% in 2014 and 49% in 2015, compared to the reference period being the year 2013. In Kolokani the decrease is 57% in 2014 and 40% in 2015 compared to the year 2013. Compared to deaths, a decrease of 50.5% was recorded in 2014 and 60.4% in 2015 compared to the year 2013, i.e. 51 and 61 fewer deaths compared to 2013, respectively, in health facilities. CONCLUSION: The SCP had made it possible to reduce significant mortality and malaria morbidity in the two health districts of Kangaba and Kolokani.


INTRODUCTION: le paludisme est un problème majeur de santé publique au Mali. La chimio prévention saisonnier a une importance particulière d'où son instauration par l'OMS depuis 2012 chez les enfants de 3 à 59 mois à partir du début de la saison de transmission. Cette étude vise à démontrer l'impact de la CPS sur le paludisme dans les districts sanitaires de Kangaba et de Kolokani. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Notre étude rétrospective a été réalisée de 2013 à 2015 dans les districts sanitaires de Kangaba et de Kolokani en utilisant les bases de données de l'ONG AMCP/ALIMA. Les données de 2014 et 2015 ont été comparés à ceux de 2013. RÉSULTATS: Le nombre de cas de paludisme chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans dans la zone couverte par la CPS montre une baisse considérable à Kangaba de 52% en 2014 et 49% en 2015, par rapport à la période de référence étant l'année 2013. A Kolokani la baisse est de 57% en 2014 et 40% en 2015 par rapport à 2013. Par rapport aux décès, une baisse de 50,5% a été enregistrée en 2014 et 60,4% en 2015 par rapport à 2013, soit respectivement 51 et 61 décès en moins comparé à 2013, dans les structures de santé. CONCLUSION: La CPS avait permis une réduction de la mortalité importante et de la morbidité palustre dans les deux districts sanitaires de Kangaba et de Kolokani.

4.
Mali Med ; 31(3): 1-7, 2016.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30079669

RESUMO

AIM: The purpose of this study is to help prevent the consequences associated with early sexual activity and fertility in young people. It is intended to analyze the logical use of emergency contraception among health students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, the study involved students enrolled for the 2012-2013 academic year. It took place in Bamako and Cotonou over two stages. It had two components, a qualitative preparatory and qualitative decisional one. RESULTS: All students surveyed had heard of contraception. The proportion of students who have had sexual intercourse is 91.2%. During their first sexual intercourse, only 20.3% of sexually active students used a contraceptive method. With regards to the use of emergency contraception by sexually active students, 9 out of 10 have used emergency contraception. CONCLUSION: The analysis of data from this study helps to know that emergency contraception is well known by students in medical academia. And although they are aware of its limitations in terms of protection against unwanted pregnancy and STIs/HIV, they are not ready to focus on condom, which offers them the double protection.


BUT: Le but de cette étude est de contribuer à prévenir les conséquences liées à une activité sexuelle et une fécondité précoces chez les jeunes. Elle se veut d'analyser les logiques d'utilisation de la contraception d'urgence chez les étudiantes en santé. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Transversale, l'étude a concerné les étudiants inscrits pour l'année académique 2012­2013 à Bamako et Cotonou. Elle avait deux volets dont un qualitatif préparatoire et l'autre qualitatif décisionnel. RÉSULTATS: Toutes les étudiantes enquêtées ont entendu parler de la contraception. La proportion d'étudiantes ayant déjà eu un rapport sexuel a été de 91,2%. Lors du premier rapport sexuel, seulement 20,3% des étudiantes sexuellement actives ont utilisé un moyen contraceptif. Par rapport au recours à la contraception d'urgence par les étudiantes sexuellement actives, neuf sur dix ont eu recours à la contraception d'urgence. CONCLUSION: L'analyse des données de cette étude permet de savoir que la contraception d'urgence est bien connue des étudiantes en milieu universitaire médical. Et bien qu'elles soient conscientes de ses limites en termes de protection contre une grossesse non désirée et des IST/VIH, elles ne sont pas prêtes à privilégier le préservatif qui leur offre cette double protection.

6.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 20(5-6): 476-81, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23916574

RESUMO

Red cell transfusion is one of the main treatments in sickle cell disease. However there are potential risks of blood transfusions. In order to propose strategies to improve blood safety in sickle cell disease in Mali, we conducted a prospective study of 133 patients with sickle cell anemia recruited at the sickle cell disease research and control center of Bamako, November 2010 to October 2011. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections by serum screening and the frequency of red cell alloimmunization before and after blood transfusion. The diagnosis of sickle cell syndrome was made by HPLC, the detection of markers of viral infection was performed by ELISA, and the diagnosis of alloimmunization was conducted by the Indirect Coombs test. Prevalence of viral infections observed at the time of enrolment of patients in the study was 1%, 3% and 1% respectively for HIV, HBV and HCV. Three cases of seroconversion after blood transfusion were detected, including one for HIV, one for HBV and one another for HCV in sickle cell anemia patients. All these patients had received blood from occasional donors. The red cell alloimmunization was observed in 4.4% of patients. All antibodies belonged to Rh system only. Blood transfusion safety in sickle cell anemia patients in Mali should be improved by the introduction of at least the technique for detecting the viral genome in the panel of screening tests and a policy of transfusions of blood units only from regular blood donors.


Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Incompatibilidade de Grupos Sanguíneos/epidemiologia , Segurança do Sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Reação Transfusional , Viremia/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Falciforme/terapia , Incompatibilidade de Grupos Sanguíneos/diagnóstico , Incompatibilidade de Grupos Sanguíneos/etiologia , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Teste de Coombs , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Soroprevalência de HIV , Hepatite B/transmissão , Hepatite C/transmissão , Humanos , Imunização , Lactente , Isoanticorpos/biossíntese , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo de Kell , Masculino , Mali , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Viremia/epidemiologia , Viremia/prevenção & controle
7.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 19(2): 74-7, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22512912

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: We undertook a study to determine the level of knowledge and practice of medical staff personnel on transfusion medicine in Mali at Bamako and Kati. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from January to April 2010 in the three main teaching hospitals of Bamako and Kati and in the six referral health centers of the district of Bamako. Medical staff knowledge and practice were assessed using a questionnaire. The study population consisted of specialized practitioners (15%), general practitioners (21.4%), nurses (41.6%), and midwives (22%). RESULTS: Overall, 70.9% of the staff did not receive any training in blood transfusion since their graduation. The general knowledge about blood transfusion was insufficient in 53.9% of staff and excellent in 46.1%. Only 42.9% of medical staff has a good basic knowledge of blood products, their indications, and related accidents. CONCLUSION: Our study showed weaknesses in the transfusion system in Bamako, with insufficient knowledge of the medical staff in blood transfusion and little experience.


Assuntos
Pessoal Técnico de Saúde/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Transfusão de Sangue , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Clínicos Gerais/psicologia , Instalações de Saúde , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Mali , Medicina , Tocologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Médicos/psicologia , Prática Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reação Transfusional , População Urbana
8.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 95(3): 160-2, 2002 Aug.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12404860

RESUMO

A retrospective study was conducted on the epidemiological patterns and treatment of snakebites in the village of Bancoumana, 60 km south-west from Bamako. We analysed a total of 17 cases (8 males and 9 females). The distribution of snakebite cases by gender and by age showed that among subjects aged 5 to 20 years, boys were more exposed than girls (6 vs. 2), whereas, in those of 21 years and above, females were more frequently bitten than males (7 vs. 2) (p = 0.04). The treatment was mainly based on the use of anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, and sometimes of saline, glucose or anti-tetanic serum. Vitamin K was used in 7 cases and no patient was treated specifically. The success of therapy mostly depended on the shortness of delay between the snakebite occurring and patient referral to the health centre, and the low rate of envenomation. All the patients referred the same day they were bitten were cured, whereas three persons referred to the health centre at D3, D7 and D43 after bite died. The surveillance parameters were oedema, bleeding and vomiting.


Assuntos
Mordeduras de Serpentes , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mali/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Mordeduras de Serpentes/diagnóstico , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologia , Mordeduras de Serpentes/terapia , Esteroides , Vitamina K/uso terapêutico
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