[Clinical difficulties and errors in making a diagnosis of chronic papillo-odditis]. / Klinichni trudnosti i greshki pri postaviane na diagnozata khronichen papiloodit.

138 patients with chronic papillooditis were investigated, 15 of them in a stage of decompensation. In 83.3% of the cases, the diagnosis was not clinically determined (including 68 of 92 endoscoped before their hospitalization--82.9%). 34 patients were diagnosed as having chronic gastroduodenitis, 15--ulcer, 42--chronic cholecystitis, 11--chronic pancreatitis, 4--cholangitis, 9--postcholecystectomic status. All these diseases developed simultaneously with the papillitis. In a second endoscopic check-up with an examination of papilla Vateri, the patients were in all the cases diagnosed without difficulties and the diagnose was confirmed by biopsy. In 21 patients there was confirmed primary papillooditis and in 127--accompanying disorders: chr. gastroduodenitis--29, chr. atrophic gastritis--18, ulcer--15, chr. cholecystitis--42, postcholecystectomic status--9, choledocholithiasis--14, chr. pancreatitis--11. Most often misdiagnosis occurs if: 1) during the routine endoscopic investigation the endoscopist does not examine papilla of Vater; 2) chr. papillitis exists simultaneously with one of the already mentioned diseases that are easier of approach for diagnostics and explanation of the disorders; 3) the clinical picture of papillitis cannot be differentiated from the one of the basic or accompanying disease; 4) the bile drainage is not prevented; 5) the result of the venous biligraphy does not lead to the diagnosis and ERCP is carried out only in a case of a clinical suspicion.

[Adenoma of the large intestine]. / Vurkhu adenoma na debeloto chervo.

In 89 patients 107 adenomectomies in the colon have been performed with pathohistological examination of the adenomas. Fiber coloscopy of the whole colon was performed to all patients, and the results give basis for discussion of the problems of adenomas: their frequency and localization in the different parts of the colon, the relative frequency of their pathologic stages. Most often adenomas were found in the sigma (41.79-50.00%). 67 (62.92%) of the 107 adenomas studied were tubular, 24 (22.43%) were tubulovillous and 16 (14.95%) were villous. The percentage of the villous adenomas found by the authors is somewhat higher than found by other authors. Pathologic stages were found more often in the adenomas localized in the sigma. Most of the adenomas were benign--77.5%. Adenomas with dysplasia were 12.15%, with focal cancer--7.48% and with invasive cancer--2.80% of all adenomas studied.

[Morphology of chronic gastritis]. / Vurkhu morfologiiata na khronichniia gastrit.

The objective of the paper is the specification of morphological criteria for the diagnostics of chronic gastritis. Biopsies, taken from the antral and corporal mucosa of 317 patients, were studied. Light chronic superficial gastritis was established in 184 cases. Manifested chronic superficial gastritis--in 178 cases, 119 of them in the antrum. Chronic gastritis with initial atrophy of the glands was established in II cases, and complete--in one. Chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia was observed in the antral mucosa mainly, and with various degrees of glandular atrophy both in case of the chronic superficial gastritis and chronic gastritis. The chronic gastritis with some changes in the glands, but without atrophy--47 cases, is of particular interest. The intestinal metaplasia as well as the pylorization of the corporal glands in chronic gastritis with changes in the glands without atrophy are a manifestation of dysregeneratory disorders and disturbance in the coordination between the phases of proliferation and differentiation.

[Morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats on a low-protein diet regimen and in alcoholic intoxication]. / Morfologichni i ultrastrukturni promeni v cherniia drob na plukhove pri khipobeltuchen khranitelen rezhim i alkokholna intoksikatsiia.

The present study aims to clarify some discussion problems on the role of protein deficit in the diet during alcohol action. They carried out studies on rats, part of which received alcohol with whole protein diet, but other part -- low protein diet. The results from the morphological examination showed that lack of proteins in food was of substantial significance and increased pathological changes in liver, due to alcohol effect.

[Effect of alcohol on hepatocyte mitochondria]. / Vliianie alkogolia na mitokhondrii gepatotsitov.

The authors studied ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes under the effect of alcohol. The greatest changes were revealed in the mitochondria. Physical activity and hypoprotein diet produced a significant influence on the results of alcohol poisoning. The first factor reduced, and the second enhanced the deleterious effect of alcohol.