[Luminescence Characteristics of Scintillator Y2SiO5∶Ce].

Cerium doped Y2SiO5 (YSO) is an important scintillator material due to its high density, non-hygroscopic, excellent light output and fast decay time nature. in the paper, Y2SiO5∶Ce3+0.2%(YSO∶Ce) was grown with high-temperature solid-phase method. The time-resolved excitation and emission spectra and fluorescent decay curves at low temperature and room temperature (RT) were measured and discussed. There were two types of luminescence, one was the crystal defect emission, the center at 320 nm; the other one was doped Ce3+ ions 5d→4f emission, the center at 440 nm. Only when the excitation energy (Ex) was greater than the band gap width (Eg), the crystal defect emission can be observed corresponding to slow process, and the emission intensity was higher at low temperature. The crystals defect emission was hardly observed in the time-resolved emission spectra when the temperature rose to room temperature because of temperature quenching. Regions from 60~300 nm corresponding to emission due to 5d→4f transitions in the activator Ce3+ ions peaks at 440 nm, a plurality of excitation peaks were observed. Among them, the excitation with energy less than 6.1 eV(Ex

[Study of Dioscorea opposita Thunb from different producing areas with XRF and PXRD].

The contents of various elements in rhizoma dioscoreae were analyzed and compared with those of shishou D. opposita Thunb on the whole jointly by XRF and PXRD. The results showed that the element Cu, Al and Mn could not be detected in rhizoma dioscoreae, but the element Mg, Zn and Cr were found, and other elements contents changed to different degrees; there are starch and whewellite in both groups, the crystal type of starches separated from rhizoma dioscoreae cultivars was a typical B-type pattern, but as C-type and V-type in shishou D. opposita Thunb, which is a mixture of A-type, B-type and V-type. The combination of two testing techniques could be applied to the mensuration and analysis of the elements and micro-structural of Dioscorea opposita Thunb which could be from different producing areas.

[Analysis of atractylodes macrocephala koidz of spaceflight breeding with XRF and PXRD].

The contents of various elements in the fourth generation atractylodes macrocephala koidz cultivated by spaceflight breeding were analyzed and compared with those of the ground group on the whole jointly by XRF and PXRD. The results showed that the element Na and Ti could not be detected in the space group, and the levels of K and Mn were enhanced by 1.16 and 1.15 times as these elements were measured in ground group, but other elements' contents declined to different degrees, and the most notable elements are Si and P, decreasing by 82.1% and 71.2% accordingly; there is some whewellite in the ground group, whereas much less is found in the space group. The ground group contains inulin, however none in the space group. Spaceflight breeding can harvest significantly mutated specific Chinese herbal medicines varieties. The combination of two testing techniques has a positive role in space breeding applied in cultivation of medicinal plants.

[Comprehensive characterization of main components and microstructures in five different species of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge].

Studied with X-ray fluorescence spectrum analytic (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for five different species of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge grew in Anguo, the intrinsic components and microstructures were determined and comprehensive characterization was carried out. The figure of comprehensive characterization can describe characteristics of intrinsic components from elements, crystal and amorphous active component, it can give an intuitive description for the same components and subtle differences in the intrinsic components of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge, which are different idioplasmatic and same species. It is the ideal method because of the simple preparation of sample, rapid and fine accurate measurement with reproducibility and objectivity, so that it can be used for breeding of fine varieties of Chinese medicinal materials, Chinese medicinal materials GAP guidance of growing conditions, medicinal origin characteristics, the intrinsic composition and microstructure characterization, quality control and authenticity of the identification.

[Analysis of the 4th generation Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with space mutagenesis via FTIR spectroscopy].

Determination and analysis for the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with space mutagenesis and the ground group were carried out with FTIR for the first time in order to fully understand the quality changes of the 4th generation of space mutagenesis of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and do further research. The result shows that for the FTIR spectra of the two samples the position and shape of main absorption peaks are approximately the same, indicating that the major components and the structures of space group remain intact, but the intensities of the absorption peaks are obviously different, with the intensities of the space group significantly enhanced compared to the ground group, especially for the flavonoid compounds (baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin and wogonoside etc), which are the main active components of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, the absorption peak intensities at 3391, 1655 and 1069 cm(-1) are obviously stronger than those of the ground group, so the contents of flavonoid compounds and other components are higher, and the amorphous active components are optimized. Space mutation breeding is conducive to breeding new varieties of highly active components, and it is also one of the ways to innovate Chinese medicines germplasm resources efficiently.

[Research on the fourth generation of Saposhnikovia divaricata by XRF].

To cultivate oriented new varieties, Saposhnikovia divaricata seeds were carried by Shenzhou "3" satellite and filtered when they were being brought back. In the present paper, X-ray fluorescence(XRF) was used to mensurate and analyze the contents of elements of the two samples from the ground group and the 4th generation of space Saposhnikovia divaricata (space group) that have advantages in branches and leaves and yields. The contents of the main mineral elements in the two samples are the same basically. But the contents of the elements Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu from the outer group are higher than the ground group. Especially the contents of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concerning the curative effect in the space group increase 4.39, 1.23, 0.84 and 0.9 times as compared to the ground group. In the space group the contents and proportions of the mineral elements are improved and optimized. XRF method can be used for overall element analysis of and research on Chinese herbal medicines. Space flight breeding is an effective method for the selection of new Saposhnikovia divaricata breed.

[Analysis and characterization of Belamcanda chinensis with space mutagenesis breeding by X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray diffraction].

The contents of various elements in the fourth generation Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. with space mutagenesis breeding were analyzed and characterized. X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis (XRF) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were applied jointly. It was found that the content of K element in the space flight mutagenesis increases 1.03 and 0.31 times, Mg enhances 1.44 and 0.06 times, but Al reduces 38.5% and 85.5% respectively compared to the contents in the ground group and the comparison group, while those of Ca, Mn and Fe enhance 0.95, 0.30 and 0.29 times respectively contrasted to the ground group. Besides, there was discovered the crystal of whewellite in the Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. and the content in the ground group is less than that of the outer space and the outer space group, which in turn is less than that of the comparison group. It is concluded that the contents of mineral elements indispensable to body in the space group are closer or superior to the comparison, group as compared to the ground group. In the present paper, a quick and simple appraising method is offered, which may be of great significance to the popularization of the planting outer space Chinese traditional medicine to filtrate more excellent breed and set up norm of quality appraisal.

[Analysis of the contents of elements in spirulina from different producing areas].

Five samples of spirulina from different producing areas were analyzed and characterized with X-ray fluorescence analysis. The contents of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in spinrulina samples from different producing areas were determined. The results show that spinrulinas are rich in microelements that human body needs. The spectra of main elements of spirulina from different producing areas are similar, but the content of each elements is different. The content of K is 5.00% averagely, the highest in the five samples, the content of Na is 0.352%, and the ratio of Na/K is 0.070 on average. The relationship between K, Na/K and medical care efficiency was studied. Lesser value of Na/K is helpful to hypertension patients. It was suggested that hypertension patients should take in less Na, but more K. This can help prevent and cure hypertension. The method proves to be simple, rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive, and can be used for simultaneous multielement determination. The authors' study provides a new scientific foundation for further study and general application of spirulina.