[Textual and information research of classical prescription Mijiao Pills].

Elaphurus davidianus( Milu),a rare animal unique to China,has been used as medicine for more than a thousand years,but the extinction of Milu in modern times resulted in the unavailability of related medical products. Today,the reintroduction of Milu population makes it possible to restore its medicinal usage. The resource reserves of Cervi Cornu,the natural shedding product from Milu,are increasing with the expansion of the population,allowing it to be fully utilized in the medical field. Mijiao Pills,first recorded in Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency( Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang) by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty,is the first Chinese medicinal prescription with Cervi Cornu as the sovereign medicinal,which is effective in tonifying. Its composition,preparation,efficacy and indications,and administration are described in detail in the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency,which however,have changed significantly over the thousands of years,seriously affecting the clinical application of this classical prescription and related product development. Therefore,the key information of this prescription should be systematically collated and summarized. According to the principles of textual research on key information in ancient classical prescriptions promulgated by relevant authorities,this paper reviewed ancient Chinese medical books of the past dynasties,modern literature,as well as the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China( 2020 Version) to figure out such key information as the source,historical evolution,original plants and animals and their processing,dosage,preparation,and usage of Mijiao Pills. This paper aimed to provide a basis for the clinical application of Mijiao Pills and subsequent product development,thus facilitating the development and utilization of this precious medicinal animal resource.

[Regional differences of nucleosides and amino acids in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu].

In order to reveal the regional characteristics of nucleosides and amino acids in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu,39 samples of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu collected from 4 different regions were analyzed by UPLC-QTRAP ~®/MS2 method followed by orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis( OPLS-DA) and cluster analysis( CA). The results showed all the samples contained abundant nucleosides and amino acids,with the total content of 45. 09 µg·g~(-1) and 634. 80 µg·g-1,respectively. The samples presented significant regional differences in the contents of individual components,and the main differential components included Ura,Hpro,Thr,Glu,G5 P,2'-dG,Adeno,Met,Ade,Gln,Orni,Phe,2'-dA,Hit,Lys,and Ile. Among them,Ura,Met,Glu,and Ile had the highest content in the samples from Dafeng in Jiangsu,Qinhu in Jiangsu,Beijing,and Shishou in Hubei,respectively. OPLS-DA and CA demonstrated that all the samples of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu could be divided into three categories,reflecting the regional characteristics. The results indicated that the accumulation of nucleosides and amino acids in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu was closely related to its habitat,providing a useful reference for the research on the quality formation,quality evaluation and control,as well as the comprehensive utilization of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu. The findings suggested that the content factors of Ura,Met,Glu,and Ile could be included into the quality standard system of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu as the characteristics of medicinal materials from different regions.

Hypaphorine exerts anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis induced acute lung injury via modulating DUSP1/p38/JNK pathway.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome attributed to infection, while sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality. Here, we aimed to explore the specific mechanism of hypaphorine's anti-inflammatory effects in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was adopted to construct ALI model both in vivo and in vitro. BEAS-2B cell viability and apoptosis was testified by the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to examine the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18), and Western blot was adopted to examine the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase3) and the DUSP1/p38/JNK signaling pathway. At the same time, lung injury score, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were monitored. The dry/wet weight method was used to examine lung edema, and the total protein content in BALF was determined to test pulmonary vascular permeability. As the data suggested, hypaphorine inhibited the LPS-mediated apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. What is more, hypaphorine attenuated the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18) and inactivated the p38/JNK signaling pathway through upregulating DUSP1 in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, DUSP1 knockdown weakened the anti-inflammatory effect of hypaphorine on LPS-mediated lung injury. Furthermore, hypaphorine also relieved LPS induced ALI in rats with anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, hypaphorine prevented LPS-mediated ALI and proinflammatory response via inactivating the p38/JNK signaling pathway by upregulating DUSP1.

Refractory adult Coats disease treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Coats disease is a sporadic, retinal vascular abnormality, causing blindness. Several interventional methods, including laser photocoagulation, have been proposed; however, the use of intravitreal dexamethasone in refractory Coats disease is not well described. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 38-year-old man presented with a painless reduction in visual acuity in his right eye, commencing 15 days prior to initial assessment. DIAGNOSIS: Clinical manifestations and multimodal imaging indicated Coats disease. INTERVENTIONS: Retinal laser photocoagulation was performed in the nonperfused areas, 15 months later, the exudative retinal detachment, and macular edema remained, the patient was then treated with an intravitreal slow-release dexamethasone implant. OUTCOMES: The exudative retinal detachment and macular edema had resolved, and the BCVA had also improved. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone intravitreal implantation was effective in treating refractory Coats disease.

cDNA cloning and recombinant expression of a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) from Père David's deer.

In the present study, the cDNA of Père David's deer APRIL (miAPRIL) was successfully amplified, and nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of miAPRIL consists of 753 bases encoding 250-amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis exhibited high homology with the even-toed ungulates (artiodactyla). The extracellular soluble domain of the miAPRIL (misAPRIL) fragment was cloned into the expression vector pET43.1a and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for recombinant expression. SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis indicated that misAPRIL protein expression was successfully achieved. Indirect immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that misAPRIL has the ability to bind to the surface of Père David's deer lymphocytes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that misAPRIL was able to enhance lymphocytes survival in a dose-dependent manner.

[Nourishing-yin effect and mechanism of different parts of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nourishing-yin effect and mechanism of different parts of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani in rats. METHOD: The model of yin asthenia rats was built by thy roxine. The substance metabolism, pain threshold, hormone levels and biochemical indicators in serum were measured. RESULTS: The ethanol extract of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani could regulate the substance metabolism and raise the pain threshold in yin asthenia model rats. Furthermore, it could regulate the hormone levels, biochemical indicators in serum and it could improvte the antioxidant ability. CONCLUSION: The ethanol extract of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani showed significant nourishing-yin effect in rats and the possible mechanism is correlated with regulating the neuroendocrine network.

[Studies on X-ray diffraction Fourier fingerprint pattern of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the analytical method for the fingerprint pattern of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani by X-ray diffraction. METHODS: Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani from different ages and different parts were analyzed and the fingerprint patterns were determined by X-ray diffraction. The degree of different fingerprint patterns was calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: The reference X-ray diffraction Fourier fingerprint pattern and characteristic diffraction peaks of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani were obtained by fifteen samples of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani from different ages and different parts. CONCLUSION: This method can be used for identification and evaluation of Cornu Elaphuri Davidiani.