[The biological characteristics of dominated agents of acute enteric infections].

In 2003-2012 the rate of increase of morbidity of acute enteric infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms came to 3.6%. In the etiologic structure prevailed Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. Their percentage varied from 70.5% to 81.6%. The opportunistic microorganisms isolated from feces of patients with acute enteric infections and individuals from control group characterized by presence of pathogenic factors of broad spectrum. The adhesive characteristics were manifested by 50.8±4.4% of analyzed cultures isolated from patients with symptoms of diarrhea infection and by 19.5±3.5% in control group. The anti-lysozyme activity was manifested correspondingly in 86.2±3.0% and 61.7±4.3% of strains. The anti-complement activity was manifested in 70.8±3.9% and 61.7±4.3% of strains. The anti-interferon activity was manifested in 100% and 95.3±1.9% of strains correspondingly. The level of adhesive activity in E. cloacae (35.0±7.5%) and anti-complement and adhesive activity in K. pneumoniae consisted 100% and 85.0±5.6% of strains isolated from feces of patients with acute enteric infections reliably (p<0.05) exceeded values in individuals from control group.

[Assessment of persistent potential dominant pathogens of acute intestinal infections].

To determine the prevalence,and etiological structure of acute intestinal infections, to investigate the dominant agents' persistence factors. According with materials of statistical reports we did the retrospective epidemiological analysis of acute intestinal infections incidence in Sumy region from 2006 till 2011. Biological properties of 40 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia, 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae and 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Moderate trend of acute intestinal infections incidence increase was indicated. Bacteria of genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus were predominated in etiological structure. Incidence of acute diarrheal infections caused by Klebsiella and Enterobacter was reached the maximum in the spring-summer period. The incidence of staphylococcal etiology was discrete. The strains of Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae were remarkable for different frequency and intensity of persistence factors. Аnti-interferon activity was detected in 100% of clinical isolates of microorganisms, anti-lysozym activity was detected in 87.3 ± 2.9% of clinical isolates of microorganisms, anti-complementary activity was detected in 72.3 ± 3.9% of clinical isolates of microorganisms. Biological properties of opportunistic pathogens that cause acute intestinal infections can be used as epidemiological factors for differentiation of microorganisms pathogenicity.

[Resistance to antibiotics of nosocomial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus in surgical departments of Ukraine in 2009 year].

There were investigated 23,292 clinical cultures of S. aureus, revealed in 2009 year in patients, admitted to the surgical departments of 97 multispeciality stationaries of different regions in Ukraine. There was determined the sensitivity of S. aureus stams to 42 antimicrobal preparations (AMP) in accordance to recommendations of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory standards of U.S.A. (NCCLS). Cefazolium, imipenem, azytromycin tycoplanin and vancomycin were the most active antibiotics. The rate of disclosure of methylrestant cultures (MRSA) had constituted in different stationaries from 10.8 to 84.1, 53.8% at average. The conduction of a constant monitoring of resistance to antibiotics we consider necessary in every stationary with subsequent elaboration of the hospital antibiotics formular because of a constant changes taking place and essential difference of nosocomial S. Aureus cultures present across the state regions. The tactics of AMP application must be elaborated for every surgical stationary depending on the data obtained about resistance of infectious causing agents to antibiotics. It is necessary to implement the epidemiological supervising system of the microorganisms resistance on local, regional and national levels.

[Immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis in Ukraine with the use of inactivated vaccine].

In connection with the cessation of the circulation of "wild" poliovirus on the territory of the European region, including Ukraine, the strategy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of poliomyelitis is reviewed. Its main aims are the creation of a high level of the specific protection of the population, the prophylaxis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and a decrease in the intensity of the circulation vaccine polioviruses. These aims may be achieved only by the inclusion of vaccinations with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) into the immunization schedule. IPV "Imovax Polio" produced by the firm "Aventis Pasteur" (France) has been shown to have low reactogenicity and high effectiveness, especially with respect to type 3 poliovirus, under the conditions of Ukraine. On the basis of our studies all children, starting from the age of 3 months, are recommended to be vaccinated first with two injections of IPV, followed by further immunization with oral vaccine.