The prevalence of urinary incontinence in female CrossFit practitioners: A systematic review and meta-analysis. / La prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria en mujeres practicantes de CrossFit: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.

OBJECTIVE: CrossFit is a popular sportamong women. It has numerous benefits, but it is unclearwhat effects it has on the pelvic floor, since physicalexercise may be a risk factor for urinary incontinence.The aim of this study was to determine theoverall prevalence of urinary incontinence in femaleCrossFit practitioners. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysiswere conducted (PROSPERO, 2020: CRD42020199479).We searched cross-sectional studies in databases (Pub-Med, CINAHL, WOS, Scopus, ProQuest) and search engines,from inception to 17 June, 2020. The AdaptedNewcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cross-Sectional Studies wasused to assess the risk of bias. Pooled prevalence wascalculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneitywas investigated by meta-regression and subgroupanalysis. RESULTS: A total of 282 records were identified, ofwhich 13 were included in the qualitative and quantitativesynthesises. The prevalence of urinary incontinenceamong female CrossFit practitioners was 32.1%(95% CI = 22.2-43.8%, n = 2187) and of stress urinaryincontinence was 35.8% (95% CI = 19.4-56.4%, n =1323). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was higher among women over 35 years old, with previouspregnancies and vaginal deliveries (P = 0.004). TheCrossFit exercises associated with higher stress urinaryincontinence were rope jumping, double under,weightlifting, and box jumps. Some preventive strategieswere pelvic floor training, using pads, emptyingthe bladder before workouts, and wearing dark pants. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the prevalenceof urinary incontinence in female CrossFit practitionerswas similar to that found among women whopractice sport.

OBJETIVO: El CrossFit es un deportepopular entre mujeres. Tiene múltiples beneficios,sin embargo, se desconoce su efecto sobre el suelopélvico, considerando que el ejercicio puede ser unfactor de riesgo para la incontinencia urinaria. El objetivode este estudio es determinar la prevalencia deincontinencia urinaria entre las mujeres practicantesde CrossFit. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y unmetaanálisis (PROSPERO, 2020: CRD42020199479).Se buscaron estudios transversales en las bases dedatos (PubMed, CINAHL, WOS, Scopus, ProQuest) yen motores de búsqueda desde su concepción hastajunio de 2020. La Escala Newcastle-Ottawa para EstudiosTransversales se usó para evaluar los potencialessesgos. La prevalencia se calculó usando elModelo de Efectos Aleatorios. La heterogeneidad seinvestigó usando la meta regresión y el análisis desubgrupo. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 282 registros delos cuales 13 fueron incluidos en los análisis cualitativosy cuantitativos. La prevalencia de incontinenciaurinaria entre mujeres practicantes de CrossFit fue35,8% (95% CI = 22,2­43,8%, n = 2187) y de incontinenciaurinaria de esfuerzo 3,8% (95% CI = 19,4­56,4%. La prevalencia fue mayor en mujeres mayoresde 35 años con embarazos previos y partos vaginales(P = 0,004). Los ejercicios de CrossFit más asociadoscon incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo fueron saltarla comba, levantamiento de peso y salto al cajón. Algunasestrategias de prevención fueron los ejerciciosde suelo pélvico, el uso de protectores, micción programadaantes del entrenamiento y el uso de pantalonesoscuros. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados muestran que laprevalencia de incontinencia urinaria entre mujerespracticantes de CrossFit fue similar a aquella entremujeres que practican otros deportes.

Effects of coordination training on the technical development in 10-/13-year-old football players.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of coordination training carried out by 10- and 13-year-old male football players on the performance of dribbling, passing, shooting, ball bouncing and wall-volley skills. METHODS: A total of 45 male football players were divided into three 15 participants groups. The experimental group performed 30 min coordination training three days a week for ten weeks while the control group one continued their routine training and control group two performed unstructured football training. Measurements included Mor and Christian, Yeagley and Johnson football skill tests. Pre- and post-test measurements were compared by an ANOVA 2×3. A significant level of P<0.05 was established. RESULTS: All the skills, dribbling (P<0.001), passing (P<0.001), shooting (P<0.001), ball bouncing (P=0.047) and wall-volley (P<0.001), improved after ten weeks in the experimental group, while only passing (P=0.006), shooting (P=0.007) and wall-volley (P<0.001) improved in the control group one and none of the skills improved in the control group two (P>0.05). The improvement was significant in the experimental group in comparison with the control groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of coordination exercises in combination with structured football training has been shown to be effective in improving general football ability among 10-13 male players.

Effect of core training on speed, quickness and agility in young male football players.

BACKGROUND: Core training effectively improves sport performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of core training on the performance measures of speed, agility and quickness of U19 male football players. METHODS: A total of 24 young male football players were divided into 12 in the experimental group (aged 18.17±0.72) and 12 in the control group (aged 18.31±0.75). The experimental group performed 30-35 min core training three days a week for eight weeks while the control group continued their routine training. Measurements included a 40-meter sprint test for speed, a hexagon test for quickness and an agility-T test for agility. Pre-test measurements at the start of the study and post-test measurements after eight weeks were compared by an ANOVA 2×2. A significant level of P<0.05 was established. RESULTS: In the experimental group, there were an improvement in quickness (pre: 17.27±3.24"; post: 16.79±3.09"; P=0.005, η2=0.53) and agility (pre: 12.86±1.17"; post: 12.38±1.12"; P=0.003, η2=0.56), but the speed did not change (pre: 6.14±0.57"; post: 6.00±0.45", P=0.653). CONCLUSIONS: The use of core training in combination with normal football training is shown to be effective in improving quickness and agility but not speed among young male football players after a period of eight weeks. So, it appears reasonable to include specific core training programs within football training.

[Retrograde intramedullary interlocking nailing in fractures of the distal femur].

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated retrograde locked intramedullary nail applications in patients with distal femur fractures. METHODS: Distal femur fractures of 16 patients (11 males, 5 females; mean age 45 years; range 25 to 69 years) were treated with retrograde locked intramedullary nailing. One patient had bilateral fractures. According to the AO classification, the fractures were A1 (n=8), A2 (n=4), A3 (n=4), and C1 (n=1). There were 13 closed (76.5%), and four open (23.5%) fractures. The mean time to surgery was 10 days (range 2 to 20 days). Open technique was used for nine fractures, and percutaneous technique for eight fractures. Preoperatively, three patients with a floating knee were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging and were found to have a ruptured cruciate ligament. All patients underwent intraoperative knee examination, which showed a ruptured cruciate ligament in five patients. Functional results were assessed using the modified HSS (Hospital for Special Surgery) knee rating scale at the end of a mean follow-up period of 32.6 months (range (12 to 68 months). RESULTS: The mean time to union was 25 weeks (range 14 to 42 weeks). One patient had delayed union (42 weeks). Joint range of motion was normal in three knees (17.7%), was 100 to 110 degrees in nine knees (52.9%), 80 degrees in four knees (23.5%), and below 80 degrees in one knee (5.9%). According to the modified HSS knee scale, the results were excellent in five femurs (29.4%), good in six femurs (35.3%), moderate in five femurs, and poor in one femur (5.9%). Postoperative radiographic examination showed varus angulation (10 degrees ) in four patients (23.5%), and posterior angulation (10-20 degrees ) in four patients. In one patient, healing occurred with extreme deformation (30 degrees posterior angulation). None of the patients experienced wound site problems or infections. One patient developed deep vein thrombosis in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Treatment of distal femur fractures with retrograde locked intramedullary nailing yields satisfactory results in adults.