RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Campylobacter is the most commonly reported causative agent of foodborne bacterial infection in Germany, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of this zoonotic agent. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of consumers in Germany about Campylobacter, Salmonella and Toxoplasma and their transmissibility via meat. In addition, we investigated the level of knowledge between selected consumer groups and whether the results coincided with those of international studies. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1008 consumers in Germany via an online panel to record, analyse and evaluate the state of knowledge about Campylobacter, Salmonella and Toxoplasma. The participants were selected according to age, gender and federal states to be representative of the German population. RESULTS: Overall, 68.3% of the respondents had never heard of Campylobacter, 20.2% had heard of Campylobacter but did not know how to protect themselves, and only 11.5% knew how to protect themselves from Campylobacter infections. Slightly more than half (52.2%) of the respondents who had at least heard of Campylobacter knew that Campylobacter was transmissible via meat. Knowledge increased significantly with age. Participants over 60 years old knew about Campylobacter almost three times as often as the 16- to 19-year-old comparison group (OR = 2.982). Consumers who had at least a secondary school certificate were almost twice as likely to know about Campylobacter as those who had no school certificate or a lower secondary school certificate (OR = 1.899). Participants who were not actors in the food chain were significantly less frequently informed about Campylobacter than were those who were actors in the food chain. Consumer knowledge of Toxoplasma was better than that of Campylobacter. Consumers have the most knowledge about Salmonella. CONCLUSIONS: Consumers in Germany are predominantly poorly informed about Campylobacter and the transmission route via meat. General knowledge of Toxoplasma is better than that of Campylobacter. Among the three pathogens, consumers are best informed about Salmonella. This finding highlights the importance of making existing information materials more accessible to consumers in the future to increase their knowledge, with the objective of reducing the incidence of Campylobacter infections.
Assuntos
Campylobacter , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Salmonella , Toxoplasma , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecções por Campylobacter/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Carne/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Salmonella/transmissão , Toxoplasmose/transmissão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Koi carp presenting with coelomatic neoplastic lesions are of growing importance in Switzerland and elsewhere in Europe, as clinical diagnosis is usually difficult and prognosis is usually poor because of late recognition. To gain more information about this condition, between 2008 and 2012, 117 koi diagnosed with coelomatic tumours were included in this study. The nature and growth characteristics of these pathologic tissues were documented. Out of 117 koi, 48.9% (n = 57) were female; the ovary was the most often affected organ (35%, n = 41), and in 62.4% (n =73) of cases, the cells of origin were identified as stromal cells of the sex-cord and the tumours were identified as sex-cord stromal tumours. The characteristics of growth and histology showed that the majority of tumours were malignant.
Assuntos
Carpas , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Neoplasias/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Peixes/classificação , Masculino , Neoplasias/classificação , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
Major advances in assisted reproductive technologies have improved reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle. However, these developments occurred regardless of the perception of consumers, who often distrust biotechnology in food production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate consumers' attitudes toward reproductive management practices in dairy cattle. In November 2012, 1,646 participants were interviewed by a commercial market research institute. Participants were selected from all regions and demographic categories to represent the general public in Germany. Seven questions regarding milk-drinking preferences and reproductive technologies were asked in face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used. The majority of people drank milk at least weekly (63%) and found the taste of milk important (60%). Most people perceived advanced reproductive technologies negatively [e.g., the use of sexed semen (53%), embryo transfer (58%), cloning (81%), and hormone treatments to increase fertility (65%)]. Many people lacked basic knowledge about milk production (22% did not know that cows only give milk after calving; 51% did not know that milk naturally contains hormones); however, participants with a high school education, older participants, and those who had concerned themselves with dairy farming were more knowledgeable. Education and providing information might help to inform the public about reproductive management practices in dairy cows.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Leite , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/veterinária , Animais , Atitude , Doenças dos Bovinos , Comportamento do Consumidor/estatística & dados numéricos , Escolaridade , Feminino , Fertilização , Alemanha , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Reprodução , PaladarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This research was aimed to determine the occurrence of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae in Swiss multiplier pig herds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a pilot study a direct real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for B. hyodysenteriae was compared to culture followed by PCR on 106 samples from three herds. Subsequently 40 multiplier herds were epidemiologically characterized and analysed for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae using direct PCR on 1412 rectal swabs. For external validation 20 swabs obtained from two positive conventional herds were analysed. RESULTS: The comparison of direct PCR with culture followed by PCR resulted in a moderate agreement (kappa index: 0.58). In the two conventional herds, 35% of the samples (7/20) tested positive. Samples from 39 multipliers tested negative. In one multiplier herd, 25% (9/36) of the samples tested PCR positive. Risk factors in the multiplier herd may have been rodents or birds, but not pig purchase. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: B. hyodysenteriae have been detected in a Swiss multiplier herd, which underlines the threat of potential spread by replacement pigs. Consequently, a Brachyspira monitoring programme was established for Swiss multiplier herds.
Assuntos
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , Brachyspira hyodysenteriae/genética , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reto/microbiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Suíça/epidemiologiaRESUMO
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The diagnosis of equine back disorders is challenging. Objectively determining movement of the vertebral column may therefore be of value in a clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: To establish whether surface-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to establish normal values for range of motion (ROM) of the vertebral column in a uniform population of horses trotting under different conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Vertebral ROM was established in Franches-Montagnes stallions and a general population of horses and the variability in measurements compared between the two groups. Repeatability and the influence of specific exercise condition (on ROM) were assessed. Finally, attempts were made to explain the findings of the study through the evaluation of factors that might influence ROM. METHODS: Dorsoventral (DV) and mediolateral (ML) vertebral ROM was measured at a trot under different exercise conditions in 27 Franches-Montagnes stallions and six general population horses using IMUs distributed over the vertebral column. RESULTS: Variability in the ROM measurements was significantly higher for general population horses than for Franches-Montagnes stallions (both DV and ML ROM). Repeatability was strong to very strong for DV measurements and moderate for ML measurements. Trotting under saddle significantly reduced the ROM, with sitting trot resulting in a significantly lower ROM than rising trot. Age is unlikely to explain the low variability in vertebral ROM recorded in the Franches-Montagnes horses, while this may be associated with conformational factors. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to establish a normal vertebral ROM for a group of Franches-Montagnes stallions. While within-breed variation was low in this population, further studies are necessary to determine variation in vertebral ROM for other breeds and to assess their utility for diagnosis of equine back disorders.
Assuntos
Cavalos/fisiologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Coluna Vertebral/fisiologia , Envelhecimento , AnimaisRESUMO
Fish, like mammals, can be affected by neoplastic proliferations. As yet, there are only a very small number of studies reporting on the occurrence of tumours in koi carp Cyprinus carpio koi and only sporadic reports on the nature of the tumours or on risk factors associated with their development. Between 2008 and 2012, koi with abdominal swelling were examined pathologically: neoplastic lesions were diagnosed and classified histologically. We evaluated possible risk factors for the development of these internal neoplasms in koi carp in Switzerland, using an online 2-part questionnaire sent to fish keepers with koi affected by internal tumours and to fish keepers who had not previously reported any affected koi. Part 1 addressed all participants and focused on general information about koi husbandry and pond technical data; Part 2 addressed participants that had one or several case(s) of koi with internal tumour(s) between 2008 and 2012, and consisted of specific questions about affected koi. A total of 112 internal tumours were reported by the 353 koi keepers participating in the survey. Analysis of the obtained data revealed that tumour occurrence was significantly associated with the location (indoors vs. outdoors) and volume of the pond, frequency of water changes, origin of the koi, number of koi kept in a pond and the use of certain pond disinfectant/medication products. Our results contribute to the identification of possible risk factors, which in turn could help to establish prophylactic measures in order to reduce the occurrence of internal neoplasms in koi.
Assuntos
Carpas , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Neoplasias/veterinária , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Coleta de Dados , Doenças dos Peixes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suíça/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to assess the effect of routine claw trimming on claw temperature. In total, 648 IRT observations each were collected from 81 cows housed in 6 tiestalls before and 3 wk after claw trimming. The feet were classified as either healthy (nonlesion group, n = 182) or affected with infectious foot disorders (group IFD, n = 142). The maximal surface temperatures of the coronary band and skin and the difference of the maximal temperatures (ΔT) between the lateral and medial claws of the respective foot were assessed. Linear mixed models, correcting for the hierarchical structure of the data, ambient temperature, and infectious status of the claws, were developed to evaluate the effect of time in relation to the trimming event (d 0 versus d 21) and claw (medial versus lateral). Front feet and hind feet were analyzed separately. Ambient temperature and infectious foot status were identified as external and internal factors, respectively, that significantly affected claw temperature. Before claw trimming, the lateral claws of the hind feet were significantly warmer compared with the medial claws, whereas such a difference was not evident for the claws of the front feet. At d 21, ΔT of the hind feet was reduced by ≥ 0.25 °C, whereas it was increased by ≤ 0.13 °C in the front feet compared with d 0. Therefore, trimming was associated with a remarkable decrease of ΔT of the hind claws. Equalizing the weight bearing of the hind feet by routine claw trimming is associated with a measurable reduction of ΔT between the paired hind claws.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças do Pé/diagnóstico , Casco e Garras/patologia , Temperatura , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Raios Infravermelhos , Modelos Lineares , Análise Multivariada , Termografia/veterinária , Suporte de CargaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/veterinária , Administração Oral , Ração Animal , Animais , Broncopneumonia/epidemiologia , Broncopneumonia/prevenção & controle , Broncopneumonia/veterinária , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia Enzoótica dos Bezerros/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Enzoótica dos Bezerros/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Suíça/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In the last 30 years the amount of white markings in the population of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) has more than doubled which has led to some controversy, particularly in respect to the health of the horses. The objective of this study was to investigate if the coat colour and white markings have an impact on selected skin diseases and hoof horn abnormalities. To this purpose 974 three-year-old FM were subjected to a clinical examination during the field and station tests organized by the FM breeding association. In 16.9% of the horses, one or several equine sarcoids were detected, 15.2% of the horses showed clinical signs of pastern dermatitis, 1.1% of insect bite hypersensitivity and 18.0% of dermatitis of other aetiology. Abnormalities of the hoof horn were found in 20.1% of the horses. The prevalence of pastern dermatitis was 2.6 times higher in legs with white markings than in legs with pigmented skin (p <0.0001). The probability ofsuffering from sunburn and hoof horn of lesser quality was increased in animals with an elevated white marking index (WAI; p = 0.022 and p = 0.038), on the other hand, horses with sarcoids had a significantly lower WAI than sound horses (p = 0.038). Our study shows that FM horses with more pronounced white markings have an increased risk to suffer from pastern dermatitis, sunburns and hoof horn abnormalities. The coat colour was not associated with skin diseases.
Assuntos
Cor de Cabelo , Casco e Garras/anormalidades , Doenças dos Cavalos/etiologia , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Animais , Cruzamento , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Prevalência , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/etiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to obtain the diagnostic and therapeutic approach among Swiss practitioners in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) (part 1). All members of the Association for ruminant health were contacted per email via the newsletter. The survey was completed by 128 veterinarians, partially responded by 140 veterinarians. The manual removal of the fetal membranes is practiced by 129 of the responding veterinarians. Cows with/without fever are treated usually with intrauterine antibiotics. Cows with RFM with/without fever are most commonly treated parenterally with tetracycline or penicillin. The use of cephalosporins and quinolones in cows with fever is more common than in cows without fever. With the present results of the survey veterinarians should critically question the supposed benefits of the manual removal of the placenta and the use of antibiotics in cows with RFM.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/terapia , Placenta Retida/veterinária , Transtornos Puerperais/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Endometrite/diagnóstico , Endometrite/terapia , Endometrite/veterinária , Feminino , Sistemas On-Line , Placenta Retida/diagnóstico , Placenta Retida/terapia , Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Puerperais/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SuíçaRESUMO
The aim of the study was to obtain the diagnostic and therapeutic approach among Swiss practitioners in cows with puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis (part 2). All members of the Association for ruminant health were contacted per email via the newsletter. The survey was completed by 128 veterinarians, partially responded by 140 veterinarians. The following main symptoms of puerperal metritis were stated by the practitioners: purulent vaginal discharge, fever and reduced appetite. A vaginal and rectal examination was performed to diagnose the disease. Usually, an intrauterine treatment with tetracycline or cefapirin was done. Parenteral administration of tetracycline or penicillin was often combined with PGF(2α), NSAIDS or cortisone. Clinical endometritis was also diagnosed by vaginal and rectal examination and the main symptom indicated was purulent vaginal discharge. The therapy consisted of the administration of PGF(2α), uterine infusions predominantly with cefapirin, and rarely with parenteral administration of antibiotics. Further diagnostic tools were not used and normally cows were not rechecked. The success of the therapy of puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis was judged to be satisfactory to excellent.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/terapia , Endometrite/veterinária , Transtornos Puerperais/veterinária , Administração Intravaginal , Animais , Bovinos , Endometrite/diagnóstico , Endometrite/terapia , Feminino , Sistemas On-Line , Transtornos Puerperais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Puerperais/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SuíçaRESUMO
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Multicentre Confidential Enquiries into Perioperative Equine Fatalities (CEPEF) have not been conducted since the initial CEPEF Phases 1-3, 20 years ago. OBJECTIVES: To collect data on current practice in equine anaesthesia and to recruit participants for CEPEF-4. STUDY DESIGN: Online questionnaire survey. METHODS: An online questionnaire was prepared and the link distributed internationally to veterinarians possibly performing equine anaesthesia, using emails, posters, flyers and an editorial. The questionnaire included 52 closed, semiclosed and open questions divided into 8 subgroups: demographic data, anaesthetist, anaesthesia management (preoperative, technical equipment, monitoring, drugs, recovery), areas of improvements and risks and motivation for participation in CEPEF-4. Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared tests for comparison of categorical variables were performed. RESULTS: A total of 199 questionnaires were completed by veterinarians from 14 different countries. Of the respondents, 43% worked in private hospitals, 36% in private practices and 21% in university teaching hospitals. In 40 institutions (23%) there was at least one diplomate of the European or American colleges of veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia on staff. Individual respondents reported routinely employ the following anaesthesia monitoring modalities: electrocardiography (80%), invasive arterial blood pressures (70%), pulse oximetry (60%), capnography (55%), arterial blood gases (47%), composition of inspired and expired gases (45%) and body temperature (35%). Drugs administered frequently or routinely as part of a standard protocol were: acepromazine (44%), xylazine (68%), butorphanol (59%), ketamine (96%), diazepam (83%), isoflurane (76%), dobutamine (46%), and, as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, phenylbutazone (73%) or flunixin meglumine (66%). Recovery was routinely assisted by 40%. The main factors perceived by the respondents to affect outcome of equine anaesthesia were the preoperative health status of the animal and training of the anaesthetist. CONCLUSIONS: Current practice in equine anaesthesia varies widely, and the study has highlighted important topics relevant for designing a future prospective multicentre cohort study (CEPEF-4). The Summary is available in Chinese - see Supporting information.
Assuntos
Anestesia/veterinária , Anestésicos/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia , Internacionalidade , Anestesia/métodos , Anestésicos/classificação , Animais , Coleta de Dados , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Cavalos , Internet , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodos , Cirurgia Veterinária/normas , Cirurgia Veterinária/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Médicos VeterináriosRESUMO
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is wide-spread in pig populations globally. In many regions of Europe with intensive pig production and high herd densities, the virus is endemic and can cause disease and production losses. This fuels discussion about the feasibility and sustainability of virus elimination from larger geographic regions. The implementation of a program aiming at virus elimination for areas with high pig density is unprecedented and its potential success is unknown. The objective of this work was to approach pig population data with a simple method that could support assessing the feasibility of a sustainable regional PRRSV elimination. Based on known risk factors such as pig herd structure and neighborhood conditions, an index characterizing individual herds' potential for endemic virus circulation and reinfection was designed. This index was subsequently used to compare data of all pig herds in two regions with different pig- and herd-densities in Lower Saxony (North-West Germany) where PRRSV is endemic. Distribution of the indexed herds was displayed using GIS. Clusters of high herd index densities forming potential risk hot spots were identified which could represent key target areas for surveillance and biosecurity measures under a control program aimed at virus elimination. In an additional step, for the study region with the higher pig density (2463 pigs/km(2) farmland), the potential distribution of PRRSV-free and non-free herds during the implementation of a national control program aiming at national virus elimination was modeled. Complex herd and trade network structures suggest that PRRSV elimination in regions with intensive pig farming like that of middle Europe would have to involve legal regulation and be accompanied by important trade and animal movement restrictions. The proposed methodology of risk index mapping could be adapted to areas varying in size, herd structure and density. Interpreted in the regional context, this could help to classify the density of risk and to accordingly target resources and measures for elimination.
Assuntos
Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/isolamento & purificação , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Alemanha , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , SuínosRESUMO
A survey was performed to evaluate the use of perioperative analgesia in dogs and cats by veterinary practitioners. Questions were grouped in seven sections recording personal data, education in veterinary analgesia, general ideology regarding treatment of perioperative pain, personal experience, assessment, and use of main analgesics to treat perioperative pain. A total of 258 received forms were analyzed. Based on 5 questions, 88 % showed excellent motivation to use perioperative pain therapy. The main reason declared for the use of analgesics was to relieve the patient from pain (64.1 %). Most veterinarians reported to routinely administer analgesics before (71 - 96 %) or after (2 - 23 %) surgery. The most used analgesics were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (carprofen, meloxicam) and opioids (butorphanol, buprenorphine). Animals were routinely evaluated for pain after recovery. Only 43.8 % of veterinarians declared to use loco-regional anaesthesia. Swiss veterinarians appear to recognize well the need for perioperative pain treatment. However, weakness was shown in evaluating pain severity, distinguishing between opioid classes, and using loco-regional anaesthesia.
En 2010 un questionnaire sur le thème de l'analgésie péri-opératoire chez le chien et le chat, divisé en sept chapitres, a été envoyé à 1000 vétérinaires suisses. Outre les données personnelles et les informations relatives aux formations suivies en matière de traitement de la douleur, on s'est intéressé aux conceptions personnelles quant à la lutte contre la douleur, aux expériences faites dans cette lutte ainsi qu'à l'utilisation des principaux analgésiques. Au total, ce sont 258 questionnaires qui ont été analysés. Chez 88 % des personnes, la motivation à utiliser des analgésiques lors d'opérations était élevée. La raison principale de cette utilisation était la réduction des douleurs (64.1 %). La plupart des vétérinaires déclaraient administrer des antalgiques avant (71 96 %) ou après (2 23 %) l'intervention. Il s'agissait principalement d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (Carprofène, Meloxicam) et d'opioïdes (Butorphanol, Buprénorphine). Après guérison, 97 % des animaux étaient contrôlés de façon routinière par les vétérinaires quant aux douleurs. 43.8 % des vétérinaires utilisaient des techniques d'anesthésie locorégionales. En Suisse, la profession vétérinaire a reconnu la nécessité d'une antalgie péri-opératoire. Toutefois les différences d'intensité douloureuse prévisibles selon les opérations de même que les différences entre les diverses classes d'opioïdes sont estimées différemment de ce qu'on prévoyait. Les techniques d'anesthésie locorégionales sont relativement peu utilisées.
Assuntos
Analgesia/veterinária , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Médicos Veterinários , Adulto , Animais , Gatos , Coleta de Dados , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Assistência Perioperatória/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Perioperatória/veterináriaRESUMO
Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to detect digital dermatitis (DD) prior to routine claw trimming. A total of 1192 IRT observations were collected from 149 cows on eight farms. All cows were housed in tie-stalls. The maximal surface temperatures of the coronary band (CB) region and skin (S) of the fore and rear feet (mean value of the maximal surface temperatures of both digits for each foot separately, CBmax and Smax) were assessed. Grouping was performed at the foot level (presence of DD, n=99; absence, n=304), or at the cow level (all four feet healthy, n=24) or where there was at least one DD lesion on the rear feet, n=37). For individual cows (n=61), IRT temperature difference was determined by subtracting the mean sum of CBmax and Smax of the rear feet from that of the fore feet. Feet with DD had higher CBmax and Smax (P<0.001) than healthy feet. Smax was significantly higher in feet with infectious DD lesions (M-stage: M2+M4; n=15) than in those with non-infectious M-lesions (M1+M3; n=84) (P=0.03), but this was not the case for CBmax (P=0.12). At the cow level, an optimal cut-off value for detecting DD of 0.99°C (IRT temperature difference between rear and front feet) yielded a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specificity of 66.6%. The results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool to screen for the presence of DD in dairy cows by measuring CBmax and Smax.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Dermatite Digital/diagnóstico , Termografia/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Termografia/métodosRESUMO
Switzerland is officially free from bovine Tritrichomonas foetus. While bulls used for artificial insemination (AI) are routinely examined for this pathogen, bulls engaged in natural mating, as well as aborted fetuses, are only very sporadically investigated, indicating that the disease awareness for bovine tritrichomoniasis is low. Natural mating in cattle is becoming increasingly popular in Switzerland. Accordingly, a re-introduction/re-occurrence of T. foetus in cattle seems possible either via resurgence from a yet unknown bovine reservoir, or via importation of infected cattle. The low disease awareness for bovine tritrichomoniasis might favor an unnoticed re-establishment of T. foetus in the Swiss cattle population. The aim of our study was thus to search for the parasite, and if found, to assess the prevalence of bovine T. foetus in Switzerland. We included (1) bulls over two years of age used in natural mating and sent to slaughter, (2) bulls used for natural service in herds with or without fertility problems and (3) aborted fetuses. Furthermore, the routinely examined bulls used for AI (4) were included in this study. In total, 1362 preputial samples from bulls and 60 abomasal fluid samples of aborted fetuses were analyzed for the presence of T. foetus by both in vitro cultivation and molecular analyses. The parasite could not be detected in any of the samples, indicating that the maximal prevalence possibly missed was about 0.3% (95% confidence). Interestingly, in preputial samples of three bulls of category 1, apathogenic Tetratrichomonas sp. was identified, documenting a proof-of-principle for the methodology used in this study.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Tritrichomonas foetus/fisiologia , Abomaso/parasitologia , Feto Abortado/parasitologia , Animais , Cruzamento , Bovinos , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Masculino , Pênis/parasitologia , Prevalência , Suíça/epidemiologia , Trichomonadida/genética , Trichomonadida/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) is a frequent manifestation of Leptospira infection in dogs and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Three helical 16-slice thoracic CT scans were performed in 10 dogs naturally infected with Leptospira, within 24 hours of admission, and three and seven days later. Patients were sedated and scanned without breathhold, with a protocol adapted for rapid scanning. One dog died of respiratory failure on the morning following the first scan. On the initial scan, imaging features of LPHS included ground-glass nodules (10/10), peribronchovascular interstitial thickening (10/10), diffuse or patchy ground-glass opacity (9/10), solid nodules (8/10) and consolidation (7/10). Temporary bronchiolar dilation was observed in all dogs in association with peribronchovascular interstitial thickening, which had completely resolved at day 7. Nodules were with few exceptions assigned to the centrilobular region. Regression of lesion severity was observed after each subsequent scan. Consolidation and solid nodules changed over time into lesions of ground-glass attenuation. Pleural effusion (3/10) and mediastinal effusion (2/10) were mild and transient. Lesion severity appeared unassociated with survival to discharge.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Leptospirose/veterinária , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Leptospirose/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Pododermatitis is a worldwide problem in captive flamingos. We performed an evaluation of different influence factors (age, sex, weight, origin, breeding status) and a comparison of foot lesions between several zoological institutions and the feet of free-ranging Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus). A scoring system was used to determine the prevalence and types of lesions and severity. Cracks and nodules developed as early as 3 months of age and papillomatous growths as early as 6 to 7 months of age in captivity. Nodules with ulceration occurred significantly more often in birds older than 31 years and heavier than 4 kg. The comparison of different institutions revealed that birds kept in enclosures with natural-floored water ponds had significantly less severe lesions than birds kept in concrete water ponds. None of the free-ranging flamingos, which live on a muddy underground, showed any lesion. This study demonstrates that flooring, weight and age are important in the onset and progression of pododermatitis in flamingos.
Les pododermatites représentent dans tout le monde un problème chez les flamants détenus en captivité. Dans la présente étude, on examine divers facteurs (âge, sexe, poids, origine, couvaison) pouvant influencer cette pathologie et on compare les lésions constatées dans diverses conditions de détention entre elles ainsi que par rapport aux pattes de flamants roses (Phoenicopterus roseus) sauvages. La prévalence et les divers types de lésions, de même que leur gravité sont déterminées sur la base d'un catalogue de critères. Des fissures et des nodules se développent déjà chez des animaux âgés de trois mois; on peut observer des proliférations papillomateuses pour la première fois vers l'âge de 6 à 7 mois. Les nodules avec ulcération centrale s'observent significativement plus souvent chez des animaux de plus de 31 ans de même que chez ceux qui pèsent plus de 4 kg. Les flamants provenant d'enclos avec des étangs au fond naturel présentent des lésions moins fréquentes et plus bénignes que ceux détenus dans des enclos avec des étangs au fond en béton. On n'a observé aucune lésion podale chez les flamants roses sauvages vivant sur un sol argileux. La présente étude démontre que le sol, le poids et l'âge jouent un rôle dans l'apparition et le développement des pododermatites chez les flamants détenus en captivité.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/etiologia , Pisos e Cobertura de Pisos/classificação , Dermatoses do Pé/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Animais de Zoológico , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Aves , Peso Corporal , Pé/patologia , Dermatoses do Pé/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Pé/etiologia , Dermatoses do Pé/patologia , França/epidemiologia , Abrigo para Animais , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Suíça/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The outcome of spinal surgery in dogs with absent voluntary motor function and nociception following intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is highly variable, which likely attests to differences in the severity of spinal cord damage. This retrospective study evaluated the extent to which neurological signs correlated with histologically detected spinal cord damage in 60 dogs that were euthanased because of thoracolumbar IVD herniation. Clinical neurological grades correlated significantly with the extent of white matter damage (P<0.001). However, loss of nociception also occurred in 6/31 (19%) dogs with relatively mild histological changes. The duration of clinical signs, Schiff-Sherrington posture, loss of reflexes and pain on spinal palpation were not significantly associated with the severity of spinal cord damage. Although clinical-pathological correlation was generally good, some clinical signs frequently thought to indicate severe cord injury did not always correlate with the degree of cord damage, suggesting functional rather than structural impairment in some cases.