RESUMO
Health professions education is increasingly creating learning experiences after one's entry-level practice degree. Such experiences include residency and fellowship experiences for health professions practitioners. This review of residency and fellowship programs across several health professions includes the development of residency programs and the implications these developments have on occupational therapy. The analysis across health professions includes medicine, pharmacy, physical therapy, speech-language pathology, and occupational therapy. This thorough analysis can help guide the development of occupational therapy fellowships. This background provides a foundation to focus on the implications for emerging fellowships within occupational therapy. The findings can be utilized to assist in the development of new successful fellowship programs.
Assuntos
Bolsas de Estudo/história , Bolsas de Estudo/organização & administração , Terapia Ocupacional/educação , Terapia Ocupacional/história , Ocupações Relacionadas com Saúde/educação , Competência Clínica/normas , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Internato e Residência/história , Internato e Residência/organização & administração , Internato não Médico/história , Internato não Médico/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of sensory stimulation to improve arousal and alertness of people in a coma or persistent vegetative state after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: Databases searched included Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search was limited to outcomes studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2013. RESULTS: Included studies provide strong evidence that multimodal sensory stimulation improves arousal and enhances clinical outcomes for people in a coma or persistent vegetative state after TBI. Moderate evidence was also provided for auditory stimulation, limited evidence was provided for complex stimuli, and insufficient evidence was provided for median nerve stimulation. CONCLUSION: Interventions should be tailored to client tolerance and premorbid preferences. Bimodal or multimodal stimulation should begin early, be frequent, and be sustained until more complex activity is possible.