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Introduction: In agriculture, especially wheat cultivation, farmers often use multi-variety planting strategies to reduce monoculture-related harvest risks. However, the subtle morphological differences among wheat varieties make accurate discrimination technically challenging. Traditional variety classification methods, reliant on expert knowledge, are inefficient for modern intelligent agricultural management. Numerous existing classification models are computationally complex, memory-intensive, and difficult to deploy on mobile devices effectively. This study introduces G-PPW-VGG11, an innovative lightweight convolutional neural network model, to address these issues. Methods: G-PPW-VGG11 ingeniously combines partial convolution (PConv) and partially mixed depthwise separable convolution (PMConv), reducing computational complexity and feature redundancy. Simultaneously, incorporating ECANet, an efficient channel attention mechanism, enables precise leaf information capture and effective background noise suppression. Additionally, G-PPW-VGG11 replaces traditional VGG11's fully connected layers with two pointwise convolutional layers and a global average pooling layer, significantly reducing memory footprint and enhancing nonlinear expressiveness and training efficiency. Results: Rigorous testing showed G-PPW-VGG11's superior performance, with an impressive 93.52% classification accuracy and only 1.79MB memory usage. Compared to VGG11, G-PPW-VGG11 showed a 5.89% increase in accuracy, 35.44% faster inference, and a 99.64% reduction in memory usage. G-PPW-VGG11 also surpasses traditional lightweight networks in classification accuracy and inference speed. Notably, G-PPW-VGG11 was successfully deployed on Android and its performance evaluated in real-world settings. The results showed an 84.67% classification accuracy with an average time of 291.04ms per image. Discussion: This validates the model's feasibility for practical agricultural wheat variety classification, establishing a foundation for intelligent management. For future research, the trained model and complete dataset are made publicly available.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the independent and collective impact of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking on the drug-resistance of newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Shandong, China. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with newly diagnosed TB from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2020 were collected. Exclusive criteria: retreated cases; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; without information on drug susceptibility testing results, smoking or drinking habits; bacteriological identification as non-tuberculous mycobacteria. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were classified into four groups including smokers only (G1), drinker only (G2), smoker +drinker (G3), non-smoker +non-drinker group (G0). We described the drug-resistant profiles, clinical factors and calculated the ORs of different drug-resistance among G1, G2, G3, compared with G0 through univariate and multivariate logistics regression models. RESULTS: Of the 7996 TB cases enrolled, the proportions of G1, G2, G3 and G0 were 8.25%, 3.89%, 16.46% and 71.40%, respectively. The rates of drug-resistant (DR)-TB, mono-resistant TB, multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB, polydrug resistant TB in G1, G2, G3 and G0 were 19.24%/16.4%/17.33%/19.08%, 11.52%/8.68%/10.94%/11.63%, 3.03%/2.57%/2.96%/3.66% and 4.70%/4.82%/3.34%/ 4.08%, respectively. G3 had a higher risk of MDR1: isoniazid +rifampin (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.91, 95% CI: 1.036 to 3.532), but had a lower risk of DR-TB (aOR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.99), rifampin-related resistance (aOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.93), streptomycin-related resistance (aOR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.99), ethambutol-related resistance (aOR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.95), MDR3: isoniazid +rifampin+streptomycin (aOR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.85), any isoniazid +streptomycin resistance (aOR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.00). However, there were no significant differences between G1 and G0, G2 and G0 in all drug-resistant subtypes. Those patients with cavity had a higher risk of DR-TB among G3 (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.81). CONCLUSION: Although we did not found an independent impact of alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking on TB drug-resistance, respectively, these two habits had a combined effect on TB drug-resistance.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Tuberculose , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , China/epidemiologia , Humanos , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Modelos Logísticos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rifampina/farmacologia , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Estreptomicina/uso terapêutico , Fumar Tabaco , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spurred a boom in uncovering repurposable existing drugs. Drug repurposing is a strategy for identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs that are outside the scope of the original medical indication. MOTIVATION: Current works of drug repurposing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are mostly limited to only focusing on chemical medicines, analysis of single drug targeting single SARS-CoV-2 protein, one-size-fits-all strategy using the same treatment (same drug) for different infected stages of SARS-CoV-2. To dilute these issues, we initially set the research focusing on herbal medicines. We then proposed a heterogeneous graph embedding method to signaled candidate repurposing herbs for each SARS-CoV-2 protein, and employed the variational graph convolutional network approach to recommend the precision herb combinations as the potential candidate treatments against the specific infected stage. METHOD: We initially employed the virtual screening method to construct the 'Herb-Compound' and 'Compound-Protein' docking graph based on 480 herbal medicines, 12,735 associated chemical compounds and 24 SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Sequentially, the 'Herb-Compound-Protein' heterogeneous network was constructed by means of the metapath-based embedding approach. We then proposed the heterogeneous-information-network-based graph embedding method to generate the candidate ranking lists of herbs that target structural, nonstructural and accessory SARS-CoV-2 proteins, individually. To obtain precision synthetic effective treatments forvarious COVID-19 infected stages, we employed the variational graph convolutional network method to generate candidate herb combinations as the recommended therapeutic therapies. RESULTS: There were 24 ranking lists, each containing top-10 herbs, targeting 24 SARS-CoV-2 proteins correspondingly, and 20 herb combinations were generated as the candidate-specific treatment to target the four infected stages. The code and supplementary materials are freely available at https://github.com/fanyang-AI/TCM-COVID19.
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Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Combinação de Medicamentos , Reposicionamento de Medicamentos/métodos , Drogas em Investigação , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), obesity, and malnutrition are growing public health problems in the world. However, little has discussed the impact of different BMI status on the emergence of TB drug resistance. We aimed to explore the drug-resistant profiles of DR-TB and its clinical predictors among underweight, overweight or obesity population. METHODS: 8957 newly diagnosed TB cases with drug susceptibility results and BMI data in Shandong China, from 2004 to 2019 were enrolled. Multivariable and univariable logistic regression models were applied to investigate the impact of BMI on different drug-resistance. Clinical predicators and drug-resistant profiles of DR-TB among obesity, underweight, normal TB group were also described. RESULTS: Among 8957 TB cases, 6417 (71.64%) were normal weight, 2121 (23.68%) were underweight, 373 (4.16%) were overweight, and 46 (0.51%) were obese. The proportion of drug resistance and co-morbidity among normal weight, underweight, overweight, obese TB groups were 18.86%/18.25%/20.38%/23.91% (DR-TB), 11.19%/11.74%/9.65%/17.39% (mono-resistant tuberculosis, MR-TB), 3.41%/3.06%/5.36%/0.00% (multidrug resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB), 4.21%/3.39%/5.36%/6.52% (polydrug resistant tuberculosis, PDR-TB), 10.57%/8.44%/19.57%/23.91% (co-morbidity), respectively. Compared with normal weight group, underweight were associated with lower risk of streptomycin-related resistance (OR 0.844, 95% CI 0.726-0.982), but contributed to a higher risk of MR-TB (isoniazid) (odds ratio (OR) 1.347, 95% CI 1.049-1.730; adjusted OR (aOR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.017-1.686), P < 0.05. In addition, overweight were positively associated with MDR-TB (OR 1.603, 95% CI 1.002-2.566; aOR 1.639, 95% CI 1.02-2.633), isoniazid + rifampicin + streptomycin resistance (OR 1.948, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.061-3.577; aOR 2.113, 95% CI 1.141-3.912), Any isoniazid + streptomycin resistance (OR 1.472, 95% CI 1.013-2.14; aOR 1.483, 95% CI 1.017-2.164), P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The higher risk of MDR-TB, isoniazid + rifampicin + streptomycin resistance, Any isoniazid + streptomycin resistance, and co-morbidity among overweight population implies that routine screening for drug sensitivity and more attention on co-morbidity among overweight TB cases may be necessary. In addition, underweight TB cases have a higher risk of isoniazid resistance. Our study suggests that an in-depth study of the interaction between host metabolic activity and infection of DR-TB may contribute more to novel treatment options or preventive measures, and accelerate the implementation of the STOP TB strategy.
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Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/complicações , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypo-fractionation radiotherapy (HFRT) was considered to be an important treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the radiobiological effects of HFRT on NSCLC remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate specific biological effect of HFRT on tumor angiogenesis, compared with conventional radiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: The subcutaneous xenograft models and the dorsal skinfold window chamber (DSWC) models of nude mice bearing H460 and HCC827 NSCLC cells were irradiated with doses of 0 Gy (sham group), 22 Gy delivered into 11 fractions (CRT group) or 12 Gy delivered into 1 fraction (HFRT group). At certain time-points after irradiation, the volumes, hypoxic area, coverage rate of pericyte and micro-vessel density (MVD) of the subcutaneous xenograft models were detected, and the tumor vasculature was visualized in the DSMC model. The expressions of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), CXCL12 and VEGFA were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the CRT groups, HFRT showed more-efficient tumor growth-suppression, accompanied by a HFRT-induced window-period, during which vasculature was normalized, tumor hypoxia was improved and MVD was decreased. Moreover, during the window-period, the signal levels of p-STAT3/HIF-1α pathway and the expressions of its downstream angiogenic factors (VEGFA and CXCL12) were inhibited by HFRT. CONCLUSION: Compared with CRT, HFRT induced tumor vasculature normalization by rendering the remaining vessels less tortuous and increasing pericyte coverage of tumor blood vessels, thereby ameliorating tumor hypoxia and enhancing the tumor-killing effect. Moreover, HFRT might exert the aforementioned effects through p-STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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The epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) contribute to an increased response rate, compared with chemotherapy, in patients with inhibitor-sensitive EGFR mutations. The present study evaluated the association between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT), as well as serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and EGFR mutations prior to treatment, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC (n=167), who underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, EGFR mutation analysis and a serum CEA test participated in the present study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze predictors of EGFR mutations. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the efficient cut-off value. Survival rate analysis was evaluated according to SUVmax and EGFR mutation status. A decreased SUVmax and an increased CEA level was observed in patients with EGFR-mutations, compared with patients with wild-type primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes. The exon 19 EGFR mutation was associated with increased SUVmax, compared with the exon 21 L858R mutation. The ROC analysis indicated that an 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake SUVmax >11.5 may be a predictor of the wild-type EGFR genotype and increased CEA levels (CEA >9.4 ng/ml) were associated with EGFR mutations. Furthermore, patients with no smoking history, low SUVmax of the primary tumor, metastatic lymph nodes and a high CEA level were significantly associated with EGFR mutation status. The results of the present study indicated that patients with advanced NSCLC, particularly Chinese patients, with decreased SUVmax and increased CEA levels are associated with EGFR mutations, which may serve as predictors for the EGFR-TKI therapeutic response.
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Brain metastasis (BM) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that could serve as biomarkers to differentiate NSCLC patients with and without BM. Logistic regression was conducted with 122 NSCLC patients (60 without BM, 62 with BM) to assess the association between miRNAs and BM. We confirmed several risk factors for BM and revealed that serum miR-330-3p levels are higher in NSCLC patients with BM than that without BM. Overexpression of miR-330-3p promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells in vitro and NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo. Knocking down miR-330-3p suppressed this metastatic phenotype. We identified putative miR-330-3p target genes by comparing mRNA microarray analysis data from A549 cells after miR-330-3p knockdown with candidate miR-330-3p target genes predicted by public bioinformatic tools and luciferase reporter assays. We found that GRIA3 is a target of miR-330-3p and that miR-330-3p stimulates EMT progress by mediating GRIA3-TGF-ß1 interaction. Our results provide novel insight into the role of miR-330-3p in NSCLC metastasis, and suggest miR-330-3p may be a useful biomarker for identifying NSCLC with metastatic potential.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Receptores de AMPA/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BM) is associated with poor prognosis, recurrence, and death in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has been reported to be involved in the progression, metastasis and recurrence of malignancies. However, the potential role of LPCAT1 in NSCLC remains poorly understood. This study was aimed to identify genes involved in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis, and look into the role of LPCAT1 in LUAD progression. METHODS: We used integrative genomic analysis to identify genes involved in lung adenocarcinomas. LPCAT1 expression was evaluated in tumor tissues from LUAD patients and LUAD cell lines. The role of LPCAT1 was subsequently investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism underlying the involvement of LPCAT1 in LUAD progression was explored with the activator of PI3K/AKT pathway. RNA sequencing was performed to confirm the involvement of LPCAT1 and associated pathway in LUAD brain metastasis. RESULTS: LPCAT1 was up-regulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. shRNA-mediated depletion of LPCAT1 not only abrogated cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, but also arrested tumor growth and brain metastases in vivo. Notably, LPCAT1 at least partially influenced LUAD progression through PI3K/AKT signal pathway by targeting MYC transcription. Moreover, expression of LPCAT1 was higher in tissues of LUAD patients with BM than those without BM as revealed by IHC staining, RNA-Sequencing and qPCR analysis. Finally, elevated LPCAT1 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinomas was associated with a poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that LPCAT1 works as a regulator of cell metastasis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for BM in lung adenocarcinoma.
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1-Acilglicerofosfocolina O-Aciltransferase/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Regulação para Cima/genética , Células A549 , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genéticaRESUMO
Microglia play a critical role in the regulation of CNS immune function, which can be greatly affected by M1/M2 polarization. The role of Notch signaling in Statins induced alteration of M1/M2 polarization in BV2 cells was assessed in this study. M1 markers in LPS and Jagged-1 treated group were significantly increased and such increase was attenuated by simvastatin; however, M2 markers were enhanced. Moreover, simvastatin enhance the expression of Notch signaling molecules, and its regulatory effects were blocked in Notch1 knocked down cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that simvastatin alters M1/M2 polarization of murine BV2 microglia via Notch signaling.
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Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular , Camundongos , Microglia/imunologia , Microglia/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
The knowledge on the biological molecular mechanisms underlying cancer is important for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Detecting dysregulated pathways in cancer can provide insights into the mechanism of cancer and help to detect novel drug targets. Based on the wide existing mutual exclusivity among mutated genes and the interrelationship between gene mutations and expression changes, this study presents a network-based method to detect the dysregulated pathways from gene mutations and expression data of the glioblastoma cancer. First, the authors construct a gene network based on mutual exclusivity between each pair of genes and the interaction between gene mutations and expression changes. Then they detect all complete subgraphs using CFinder clustering algorithm in the constructed gene network. Next, the two gene sets whose overlapping scores are above a specific threshold are merged. Finally, they obtain two dysregulated pathways in which there are glioblastoma-related multiple genes which are closely related to the two subtypes of glioblastoma. The results show that one dysregulated pathway revolving around epidermal growth factor receptor is likely to be associated with the primary subtype of glioblastoma, and the other dysregulated pathway revolving around TP53 is likely to be associated with the secondary subtype of glioblastoma.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Biologia Computacional , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Glioblastoma , Adulto , Algoritmos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Análise por Conglomerados , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/fisiologiaRESUMO
The original article [1] contained incorrect affiliations for the authors.
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BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BM) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies demonstrated that microRNA-330-3p (miR-330-3p) was involved in NSCLC brain metastasis (BM). However, the exact parts played by miR-330-3p in BM of NSCLC remain unknown. Discovery and development of biomarkers and elucidation of the mechanism underlying BM in NSCLC is critical for effective prophylactic interventions. Here, we evaluated the expression and biological effects of miR-330-3p in NSCLC cells and explored the underlying mechanism of miR-330-3p in promoting cell migration and invasion in NSCLC. METHODS: Stable over-expression and knockdown of miR-330-3p in NSCLC cells was constructed with lentivirus. Expression levels of miR-330-3p in NSCLC cells were quantified by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of miR-330-3p on NSCLC cells were investigated using assays of cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence staining. A xenograft nude mouse model and in situ brain metastasis model were used to observe tumor growth and brain metastasis. The potential target of miR-330-3p in NSCLC cells was explored using the luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. The miR-330-3p targets were identified using bioinformatics analysis and verified by luciferase reporter assay. The correlation between GRIA3 and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3A was tested by RT-PCR, western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation (IP). RESULTS: miR-330-3p was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC cell lines. MTT assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays showed that miR-330-3p promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and induced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays showed that GRIA3 was a target of miR-330-3p. qRT-PCR and western blotting exhibited that miR-330-3p promoted the growth, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-330-3p up-regulated the total DNA methylation in NSCLC cells, and co-IP-demonstrated GRIA3 was directly related with DNMT1 and DNMT3A. CONCLUSIONS: miR-330-3p promoted the progression of NSCLC and might be a potential target for the further research of NSCLC brain metastasis.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , MicroRNAs/genética , Receptores de AMPA/genética , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/enzimologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Metilação de DNA , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the serious disorders in clinical practice. Recent studies found toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) played an important role in sepsis. In this study, we tried to find the influence of Corilagin on TLR4 signal pathways in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The cellular and animal models of sepsis were established by LPS and then interfered with Corilagin. Real-time PCR and western blot were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF and TRAF6. ELISA was used to determine the IL-6 and IL-1ß levels in supernatant and serum. RESULTS: The survival rate was improved in the LPS + Corilagin group, and the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF and TRAF6 were significantly decreased than that in the LPS group both in cellular and animal models (P < 0.01). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1ß were greatly decreased in the LPS + Corilagin group both in supernatant and serum (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Corilagin exerts the anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the TLR4 signaling molecules to ameliorate the extreme inflammatory status in sepsis.
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Glucosídeos/administração & dosagem , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/administração & dosagem , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Animais , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/imunologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Sepse/genética , Sepse/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most common adverse effect that occurs after cranial radiation therapy (CRT). We have previously reported that CRT-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain tissues and inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus might be caused by microglial activation and may play an important role in RIBI. In this study we examined the role of p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD) in radiation-induced activation of BV-2 cells. BV-2 cells were transfected with antisense oligonucleotide control mRNA or antisense oligonucleotide-targeted PIDD mRNA and were sham or 16 Gy irradiated. The state of microglia and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Findings from this study suggest that silencing PIDD expression could inhibit microglial activation by downregulating the PIDD-C/NF-κß transcription pathway. PIDD acts as a critical switcher between the NF-κß transcription pathway and radiation-induced apoptosis. Given these findings, this study offers a potential novel approach to further combination treatment of RIBI.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras de Sinalização de Receptores de Domínio de Morte/metabolismo , Microglia/citologia , Microglia/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Ciclo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Senescência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla/efeitos da radiação , Reparo do DNA/efeitos da radiação , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Sinalização de Receptores de Domínio de Morte/deficiência , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Sinalização de Receptores de Domínio de Morte/genética , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos da radiação , Inativação Gênica , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microglia/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fenótipo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Tolerância a Radiação/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Interleukin (IL)-13-associated signal pathway plays an important role in schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis. In this study we tried to investigate the effects of corilagin to ameliorate schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis through regulating IL-13-associated signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cellular model was set up with hepatic stellate cells-T6 cells stimulated by rIL-13 and male Balb/c mice were infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariaeas as animal model. Liver histological changes were observed with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Masson staining was employed to observe the change of egg granulomas. Expression of Col (collagen) and Col III were examined with Immunohistochemistry. Western bolt was employed to detect the JAK-1 and IL13Rα1 proteins. The mRNA expression of Col I, Col III, IL-13, JAK-1 and IL13Rα1 were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As a result, less inflammatory changes were found in all corilagin groups compared with model group and praziquantel group. The mRNA levels of Col I, Col III, IL-13, JAK-1 and IL13Rα1 were significantly decreased after corilagin intervention (P < 0·01). JAK-1 and IL-13Rα1 protein levels were also greatly decreased in the corilagin groups (P < 0·01). In conclusion, corilagin could ameliorate schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of IL-13 and signal molecules in IL-13 pathway.
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Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Glucosídeos/administração & dosagem , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/terapia , Esquistossomose/complicações , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Colágeno/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Histocitoquímica , Imuno-Histoquímica , Subunidade alfa1 de Receptor de Interleucina-13/análise , Janus Quinase 1/análise , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microscopia , Modelos Biológicos , Ratos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cranial irradiation-induced inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). Anti-inflammation treatment may provide therapeutic benefits. Corilagin (beta-1-O-galloyl-3, 6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose, C27H22O18) was a novel member of the tannin family with anti-inflammatory properties and is isolated from some medicinal plants, such as Phyllanthus amarus and Caesalpinia coriaria. In this study, the effect of Corilagin on RIBI was investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Spatial learning and memory ability of mice were investigated by the Morris water maze test. Evans blue leakage and electron microscopy were used to assess the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1ß, were measured by using real-time PCR and Western blotting. The activation of microglial cells and expression of TNF-α were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and IκBα, and the translocation of p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus were detected by using Western blotting. Morris water maze test showed that Corilagin ameliorated the neurocognitive deficits in RIBI mice. Evans blue leakage and electron microscopy exhibited that Corilagin partially protected the BBB integrity from cranial irradiation-caused damage; immunofluorescence staining showed that Corilagin could inhibit microglial activation and TNF-α expression. Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed that Corilagin downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß and inhibited the irradiation-induced activation of NF-κB pathways by upregulating p-STAT3 expression. In conclusion, Corilagin could attenuate RIBI through inhibiting microglial activation and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines. Corilagin might inhibit the activation of NF-κB pathway in a STAT3-associated manner, thereby downregulating the inflammatory cytokine expressions.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/uso terapêutico , Lesões por Radiação/complicações , Lesões por Radiação/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/ultraestrutura , Lesões Encefálicas/genética , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Inflamação/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Transtornos da Memória/complicações , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/genética , Transtornos da Memória/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Lesões por Radiação/genética , Lesões por Radiação/patologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
AIM: Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most common and severe adverse effect induced by cranial radiation therapy (CRT). In the present study, we examined the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) on RIBI in mice, and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a single dose of 20-Gy CRT. The mice were treated with SFI (20 mL·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive changes. Evans blue leakage and a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) assay were used to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The expression of inflammatory factors and microglial activation in brain tissues were detected using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: CRT caused marked reductions in the body weight and life span of the mice, and significantly impaired their spatial learning. Furthermore, CRT significantly increased the BBB permeability, number of activated microglia, expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß, and the levels of phosphorylated p65 and PIDD-CC (the twice-cleaved fragment of p53-induced protein with a death domain) in the brain tissues. Four-week SFI treatment (administered for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after CRT) not only significantly improved the physical status, survival, and spatial learning in CRT-treated mice, but also attenuated all the CRT-induced changes in the brain tissues. Four-week SFI pretreatment (administered for 4 weeks before CRT) was less effective. CONCLUSION: Administration of SFI effectively attenuates irradiation-induced brain injury via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and microglial activation.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Lesões por Radiação/tratamento farmacológico , Protetores contra Radiação/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/imunologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Lesões Encefálicas/imunologia , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Injeções , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/imunologia , Microglia/patologia , Microglia/efeitos da radiação , NF-kappa B/análise , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Lesões por Radiação/imunologia , Lesões por Radiação/patologia , Protetores contra Radiação/administração & dosagem , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/análise , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq011.].