Shewanella subflava sp. nov., a novel multi-resistant bacterium, isolated from the estuary of the Fenhe River into the Yellow River.

A aerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped and polar-flagellum bacterial strain, designated as FYR11-62T, was isolated from the estuary of the Fenhe River into the Yellow River in Shanxi Province, China. The isolate was able to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0% NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes and 1597 single-copy orthologous clusters indicated that strain FYR11-62T affiliated with the genus Shewanella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Shewanella aestuarii SC18T (98.3%) and Shewanella gaetbuli TF-27T (97.3%), respectively. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0 and iso-C15:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The main quinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The genomic DNA G + C content was 41.6%. Gene annotation showed that strain FYR11-62T possessed 30 antibiotic resistance genes, implying its multiple antidrug resistance. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FYR11-62T and its closely related species were all below the thresholds for species delineation. The phylogenetic position together with the results of the analysis of morphological, physiological and genomic features support the classification of strain FYR11-62T (= MCCC 1K07242T = KCTC 92244T) as a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella subflava sp. nov. is proposed.

Gramella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea.

A novel species of the genus Gramella, designated ASW11-100T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Yellow Sea, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and single-copy orthologous clusters revealed that strain ASW11-100T belonged to the genus Gramella, and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.9, 98.8 and 98.7 % to Gramella sabulilitoris HSMS-1T, Gramella sediminilitoris GHTF-27T and Gramella forsetii KT0803T, respectively. The genome of strain ASW11-100T harbours 2950 protein-coding genes and 105 carbohydrate-active enzymes including 38 glycoside hydrolases. Seventeen of the glycoside hydrolases are organized in five distinct polysaccharide utilization loci, which are predicted to involve in the degradation of starch, glucans, arabinoxylans, arabinomannan, arabinans and arabinogalactans. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.3 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain ASW11-100T and its closely related relatives were in ranges of 19.8-23.9% and 76.6-80.9 %, respectively. Cells of the isolate were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and short rod-shaped. Carotenoid pigments were produced, but flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c). The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the above polyphasic evidence, strain ASW11-100T should be considered to represent a novel Gramella species, for which the name Gramella sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASW11-100T (=KCTC 82502T=MCCC 1K05580T).

Salinimicrobium sediminilitoris sp. nov., Isolated from a Tidal Flat.

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated ASW11-47 T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment taken from the coast of Qingdao, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ASW11-47 T belongs to the genus Salinimicrobium and is most closely related to Salinimicrobium terrae YIM-C338T (98.68% similarity). The length of draft genome is 3,594,457 bp, and DNA G + C content is 40.8 mol%. The values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain ASW11-47 T and closely related strains were in ranges of 75.9-85.9 and 19.7-31.5%, respectively. The major fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain ASW11-47 T represents a novel species within the genus Salinimicrobium, for which the name Salinimicrobium sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASW11-47 T (= KCTC 82501 T = MCCC 1K05586T).