Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis Successfully Treated with Omalizumab.

Dear Editor, Maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM), formerly telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP), is an uncommon form of cutaneous mastocytosis first described on 1930 (1). It is more frequent in adults, and early diagnosis is crucial since it has been reported to be associated with serious underlying systemic disorders, such as myeloproliferative diseases and severe manifestations like anaphylaxis (2,3). Treatment of MPCM depends on the presence of systemic involvement and/or the clinical symptoms of the disease itself. A 52-year-old woman was referred to us with pruritic brown red telangiectatic macules located on her arms, chest, and back (Figure 1, a, b, c) that had appeared over a period of 5 years. The patient also reported photosensitivity and facial flushing. Physical examination revealed a positive Darier sign (Figure 1, d) without other clinical signs suggestive of systemic involvement (e.g. lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, malabsorption syndrome). Skin biopsy demonstrated abundant mast cells infiltration with granulomatic metachromasia (Giemsa stain; Figure 2, a) while immunohistochemistry demonstrated mast cells positivity in CD117/c-KIT (Figure 2, b). A detailed laboratory investigation was carried out, including complete blood count (IgE:1800 IU/mL), peripheral blood film examination, bone marrow biopsy, liver function tests, and serum tryptase levels (7 ng/mL). All performed tests were normal, thus excluding systemic disease. H1 receptor antagonists are considered the first-choice therapeutic option for control of symptoms among patients with skin mastocytosis (4,5). In our case, despite the standard application of an increased dose of different H1-receptor antagonists combined with topical steroid preparations, the patient showed no response to treatment and suffered a significant adverse influence on her quality of life and daily activities. Recent studies in single cases or small case-series have shown promising results for omalizumab in mastocytosis (6-8). Accordingly, our patient was switched to omalizumab 300 mg every 4 weeks for a one-year period. Both pruritus and flushing significantly improved after 2 months of treatment with only anti-IgE, and fully resolved during the fifth month of treatment. Almost 18 months, later the patient remains fully controlled with apparent significant improvement of her quality of life. The mechanisms of action for omalizumab in patients with mastocytosis are not well known. Omalizumab inhibits binding of IgE to the surface of mast cells and basophils by forming complexes with free IgE in serum, and this represents a possible explanation of the reduction of mast cell and basophil activation (9). In the future, omalizumab may be considered as a good alternative therapeutic option in cases where antihistamines have failed, though more research is necessary.

Harlequin syndrome in a young girl: An opportunity to rethink the terminology.

Harlequin syndrome is a rare disorder of the autonomic nervous system, presenting as unilateral reduced flushing and sweating of the face induced by exercise, stress, or heat. It is caused by a cervical sympathetic deficit located at the preganglionic or postganglionic level on the non-flushing side. We present a case of an 8 year old with harlequin syndrome and review the other dermatological conditions for which the term "harlequin" is part of the nomenclature.

Case report: Treating a co-existence of hidradenitis suppurativa and psoriasis with different therapeutic approaches.

Hidradenitis suppurativa and psoriasis are considered chronic inflammatory diseases suggesting the existence of common pathogenetic pathways. We present two cases of comorbid psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa, treated with certolizumab pegol and brodalumab due to failure of response to other conventional therapies. Monoclonal antibody therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Given the good clinical response to anti-IL-17 and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in patients undergoing psoriasis and hidradenitis treatment, investigations on this direction could represent the starting point in new therapeutic approach for revolutionary treatment in these difficult-to-treat diseases.