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Introduction: Cardiac fibrosis is one of the important causes of heart failure and death in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules in eukaryotes and have high stability. Their role in myocardial fibrosis with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to understand the expression profiles of circRNAs in myocardial fibrosis with DCM, exploring the possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DCM. Methods: At 21 weeks of age, db/db mice established the type 2 DCM model measured by echocardiography, and the cardiac tissue was extracted for Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the expression profile of circRNAs in myocardial fibrosis of db/db mice was constructed using microarray hybridization and verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A circRNA-microRNA-messenger RNA coexpression network was constructed, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were done. Results: Compared with normal control mice, db/db mice had 77 upregulated circRNAs and 135 downregulated circRNAs in their chromosomes (fold change ≥1.5, P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the enrichment analysis of circRNA host genes showed that these differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. CircPHF20L1, circCLASP1, and circSLC8A1 were the key circRNAs. Moreover, circCLASP1/miR-182-5p/Wnt7a, circSLC8A1/miR-29b-1-5p/Col12a1, and most especially circPHF20L1/miR-29a-3p/Col6a2 might be three novel axes in the development of myocardial fibrosis in DCM. Conclusion: The findings will provide some novel circRNAs and molecular pathways for the prevention or clinical treatment of DCM through intervention with specific circRNAs.
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The improvement of dual-mode techniques was of particular interest to researchers, which might enhance the detection performance and applicability. Here, a dual-mode optical aptasensor (DO-aptasensor) platform based on exonuclease I (Exo I) cyclic digestion and synergistic enhancement strategy had proposed for zearalenone (ZEN). Following the preparation of dumbbell-shaped signal probe, the Exo I-based cyclic digestion amplification performed, and then the synergistic enhancement effect carried out to achieve the Poly-HRP-based colorimetry and FAM-SGI-based fluorescence. The efficient homogeneous system realized through the magnetic separation, while the signal interference further eliminated by the graphene oxide (GO). The LOD values were as low as 0.067 ng mL-1 for colorimetry mode and 0.009 ng mL-1 for fluorescence mode, which reduced 23-fold and 172-fold than ELASA by same ZEN-Apt. This promising platform gave rise to a dual-mode optical readout, improved sensitivity and positively correlated detection. Meanwhile, the DO-aptasensor also exhibited the acceptable specificity, desirable reliability and excellent practicability. This novel avenue of aptasensor platform hold great potential for dual-mode optical monitoring of other targets, which can further expand the application scope of Exo I-based signal amplification and synergistic enhancement effect.
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The occurrence of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides (F. verticillioides) poses a threat to the yield and quality of maize. Mefentrifluconazole enantiomers appear to have strong stereoselective activity against F. verticillioides and cause differences in fumonisin production. We evaluated the stereoselective activity of mefentrifluconazole enantiomers by determining inhibition of the strain, hyphae, and conidia. Strain inhibition by R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole was 241 times higher than S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole and 376 times higher in conidia inhibition. For the mechanism of the enantioselective bioactivity, R-mefentrifluconazole had stronger binding to proteins than S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole. Under several concentration conditions, the fumonisin concentration was 1.3-24.9-fold higher in the R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole treatment than in the S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole treatment. The R-enantiomer stimulated fumonisin despite a higher bioactivity. As the incubation time increased, the stimulation of the enantiomers on fumonisin production decreased. R-(-)-Mefentrifluconazole stimulated higher fumonisin production in F. verticillioides at 25 °C compared to 30 °C. This study established a foundation for the development of high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides.
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Agricultural production relies heavily on pesticides. However, factors like inefficient application, pesticide resistance, and environmental conditions reduce their effective utilization in agriculture. Subsequently, pesticides transfer into the soil, adversely affecting its physicochemical properties, microbial populations, and enzyme activities. Different pesticides interacting can lead to combined toxicity, posing risks to non-target organisms, biodiversity, and organism-environment interactions. Pesticide exposure may cause both acute and chronic effects on human health. Biochar, with its high specific surface area and porosity, offers numerous adsorption sites. Its stability, eco-friendliness, and superior adsorption capabilities render it an excellent choice. As a versatile material, biochar finds use in agriculture, environmental management, industry, energy, and medicine. Added to soil, biochar helps absorb or degrade pesticides in contaminated areas, enhancing soil microbial activity. Current research primarily focuses on biochar produced via direct pyrolysis for pesticide adsorption. Studies on functionalized biochar for this purpose are relatively scarce. This review examines biochar's pesticide absorption properties, its characteristics, formation mechanisms, environmental impact, and delves into adsorption mechanisms, functionalization methods, and their prospects and limitations.
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Praguicidas , Poluentes do Solo , Humanos , Praguicidas/química , Adsorção , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Carvão Vegetal/química , Solo/química , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
This study systematically investigates the stereoselective metabolism and residue behavior of chiral pesticide prothioconazole enantiomers during the steaming, baking, and frying of steamed buns, bread, and deep-fried dough sticks. The results show that steaming, baking, and frying can significantly promote the degradation of the prothioconazole enantiomers. In low- and high-concentration treatments, the degradation rates of prothioconazole enantiomers were over 96.0% and 45.4%, respectively, and the residual concentration of prothioconazole-desthio enantiomers was less than 32.7 µg/kg (excluding fried processing). During the processing of steamed buns, bread, and deep-fried dough sticks, the enantiomer fraction (EF) value of the prothioconazole enantiomer was close to 0.5, and the stereoselectivity was not significant. During the processing of steamed buns (low concentration), bread (low and high concentrations), and deep-fried dough sticks (low concentration), the stereoselectivity of prothioconazole-desthio was significant, and preferential enantiomer degradation occurred. Following the analysis of 120 flour product samples, the residual risk.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Praguicidas , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Farinha , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Chronic complications of diabetes increase mortality and disability of patients. It is crucial to find potential early biomarkers and provide novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic complications. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed RNA molecules in eukaryotes, have high stability. Recent studies have confirmed that differentially expressed circRNAs have a vital role in diabetic complications. Certain circRNAs, such as circRNA ankyrin repeat domain 36, circRNA homeodomaininteracting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3) and circRNA WD repeat domain 77, are associated with inflammation, endothelial cell apoptosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation, leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. CircRNA LDL receptor related protein 6, circRNA actin related protein 2, circ_0000064, circ0101383, circ_0123996, hsa_circ_0003928 and circ_0000285 mediate inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy of podocytes, mesangial cell hypertrophy and proliferation, as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis, in diabetic nephropathy by regulating the expression of microRNAs and proteins. Circ_0005015, circRNA PWWP domain containing 2A, circRNA zinc finger protein 532, circRNA zinc finger protein 609, circRNA DNA methyltransferase 3ß, circRNA collagen type I α2 chain and circHIPK3 widely affect multiple biological processes of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, circ_000203, circ_010567, circHIPK3, hsa_circ_0076631 and circRNA cerebellar degenerationrelated protein 1 antisense are involved in the pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. CircHIPK3 is the most wellstudied circRNA in the field of diabetic complications and is most likely to become a biological marker and therapeutic target for diabetic complications. The applications of circRNAs may be a promising treatment strategy for human diseases at the molecular level. The relationship between circRNAs and diabetic complications is summarized in the present study. Of note, circRNAtargeted therapy and the role of circRNAs as biomarkers may potentially be used in diabetic complications in the future.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Retinopatia Diabética , MicroRNAs , Humanos , RNA Circular/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Yield loss and toxin contamination caused by wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) have always been a worldwide concern. Cultivating disease-resistant varieties and fungicide application are effective measures to control FHB. The comprehensive control technology system for FHB and toxin contamination of wheat in Anhui Province needs further improvement. This study compared the control efficacy of different wheat varieties, fungicides and application times on wheat FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination, and the dynamic change of DON accumulation after application. RESULTS: Among the 93 main wheat varieties in Anhui Province, the disease-resistant and low-toxic wheat variety "Ningmai 26" was more suitable for planting in the central part of Anhui Province. At the same time, "Yangmai 22" was used for subsequent experiments. The field efficacy trials of different fungicides showed that 30% prothioconazole oil dispersion (OD) had the highest control efficacy on FHB and DON contamination, reaching 94.33 and 77.49%, respectively. The study on the optimum application time of prothioconazole showed that the 0-20% flowering stage was the key point of DON control. The survey of the dynamic changes of DON accumulation showed that prothioconazole could significantly reduce the level of DON accumulation while inhibiting the accumulation rate of DON. At the same time, the control fungicide carbendazim increased the level of DON contamination. CONCLUSION: This study will provide excellent germplasm resources for cultivating disease-resistant and low-toxic wheat varieties, and provide a theoretical reference for establishing a collaborative prevention and control system of disease control and toxin reduction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Fusarium , Tricotecenos , Triticum , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Tembotrione is a new triketone HPPD herbicide widely used in Europe, USA, and other areas. However, tembotrione is moderately to highly toxic to algae and daphnia in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, hydrolysis, photolysis, soil degradation, soil adsorption, and bioaccumulation of tembotrione were systematically studied. Hydrolysis experiment revealed that tembotrione was stable in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions with half-lives of 231-289 days. The photolysis half-lives of tembotrione were 112-158 days and 76-107 days in pH 4, 7, 9 buffer solutions and on three soils surface, respectively, which demonstrated that tembotrione could be persisted in soil and water. Meanwhile, tembotrione Kfoc was 128-196 mL/g, indicating that tembotrione was not easily adsorbed to soil, and the adsorption capacity increased with the decrease in pH. The half-lives of tembotrione in the test soil were 32-48 days, and high organic matter soil is conducive to microbial activity and accelerates the degradation of tembotrione. Moreover, bioaccumulation experiment demonstrated that tembotrione with a BCF of 0.664 to 0.724 had a low risk of exposure to zebrafish. This study is very helpful for the evaluation environmental risk and safe use of tembotrione.
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Herbicidas , Animais , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Adsorção , Ecossistema , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Bioacumulação , SoloRESUMO
Honey bees play an important role in the ecological environment. Regrettably, a decline in honey bee colonies caused by chemical insecticides has occurred throughout the world. Potential stereoselective toxicity of chiral insecticides may be a hidden source of danger to bee colonies. In this study, the stereoselective exposure risk and mechanism of malathion and its chiral metabolite malaoxon were investigated. The absolute configurations were identified using an electron circular dichroism (ECD) model. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for chiral separation. In pollen, the initial residues of malathion and malaoxon enantiomers were 3571-3619 and 397-402 µg/kg, respectively, and R-malathion degraded relatively slowly. The oral LD50 values of R-malathion and S-malathion were 0.187 and 0.912 µg/bee with 5 times difference, respectively, and the malaoxon values were 0.633 and 0.766 µg/bee. The Pollen Hazard Quotient (PHQ) was used to evaluate exposure risk. R-malathion showed a higher risk. An analysis of the proteome, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and subcellular localization, indicated that energy metabolism and neurotransmitter transport were the main affected pathways. Our results provide a new scheme for the evaluation of the stereoselective exposure risk of chiral pesticides to honey bees.
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Inseticidas , Estupro , Abelhas , Animais , Malation/toxicidade , Malation/química , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Inseticidas/análise , Proteoma , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Chlorfenapyr, as a highly effective and low-toxicity insect growth regulation inhibitor, has been used to control cross-cruciferous vegetable pests. However, the pesticide residue caused by its application threatens human health. In this paper, the residue digestion and final residue of chlorfenapyr in radish were studied in a field experiment. The results of the dynamic digestion test showed that the half-life of chlorfenapyr in radish leaves ranged from 6.0 to 6.4 days, and the digestion rate was fast. The median residual values of chlorfenapyr in radish and radish leaves at 14 days after treatment were 0.12 and 3.92 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of chlorfenapyr in various populations in China were 0.373 and 5.66 µg/(kg bw·d), respectively. The risk entropy (RQ) was 0.012 and 0.147, respectively, indicating that the chronic dietary intake risk of chlorfenapyr in radish was low. The results of this study provided data support and a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of chlorfenapyr in radish production and evaluating the dietary risk of chlorfenapyr in vegetables.
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Inseticidas , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Raphanus , Humanos , Piretrinas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Medição de Risco , Inseticidas/análiseRESUMO
Fluindapyr is a novel chiral succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor used to control fungal diseases. The enantioselective effects of fluindapyr in paddy ecosystems are unknown. We developed a new chiral determination method of fluindapyr using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the fluindapyr enantiomers was identified by an electron circular dichroism model. A new husk-based biochar material was used to optimize and establish a QuEchERs method for paddy soil determination. Under anaerobic conditions, the half-lives of R-fluindapyr and S-fluindapyr in paddy soil were 69.6 and 101.8 days, respectively. R-fluindapyr degraded more rapidly than S-fluindapyr. S-fluindapyr was 87.8 times more active against Rhizoctonia solani than R-fluindapyr. The enantioselective bioactivity mechanism was illustrated by molecular docking between the fluindapyr enantiomers and SDH of R. solani. The binding powers of R-fluindapyr and S-fluindapyr to proteins were -32.12 and - 42.91 kcal/mol, respectively. This study reports the stereoselectivity of fluindapyr about determination, degradation, bioactivity, and its mechanism. It provides a foundation for an in-depth study of fluindapyr at the enantiomer level.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Poluentes do Solo , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Ecossistema , Estereoisomerismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Poluentes do Solo/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Solo/químicaRESUMO
Pydiflumetofen (PYD) is primarily used to control fungal disease. The potential risks posed by PYD enantiomers to the aquatic ecosystem are currently unclear. In this study, the enantioselective toxicity and fate of PYD in Danio rerio were investigated, and the enantioselective toxic mechanism and metabolic pathway were explored. The acute toxicity of R-PYD was 10.7-14.7-fold than that of S-PYD against Danio rerio embryos, larvae, and adults. Meanwhile, R-PYD presented a stronger effect on embryo hatching and abnormalities, adult tissue damage and oxidative stress. R-PYD inhibited the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity more than S-PYD because of its better interaction with SDH with a lower binding free energy (-59.35 kcal/mol), explaining the mechanism of enantioselective toxicity. Remarkable enantioselectivity was observed in uptake, distribution, and elimination. R-PYD showed preferential uptake with the higher uptake rate constants and slow metabolism with a longer half-life, resulting in the bioaccumulation of R-PYD with higher BCFk (7.37 at 0.05 mg/L and 14.69 at 0.2 mg/L). Besides, muscle is an important tissue for PYD accumulation, existing potential food risk. Eleven PYD metabolites were qualitatively identified, and the metabolic pathway was proposed, including hydroxylation, N-demethylation, demethoxylation, hydrolysation (phase â ), and acetylation and glucuronidation (phase â ¡). The predicted toxicity of the metabolite indicated that several highly toxic metabolites need to be considered in the future. This study provides a new perspective for evaluating the ecological and human health risks of chiral pesticides.
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Praguicidas , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Ecossistema , Humanos , Pirazóis , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Sedaxane was a novel chiral fungicide that contains four enantiomers. Unfortunately, the stereoselective bioactivity, toxicity and degradation of sedaxane have not been clarified. In this study, we identified the absolute configuration of the four sedaxane enantiomers at first time. The stereoselective bioactivity toward three wheat and rice pathogens, stereoselective acute toxicity to aquatic organisms (Selenastrum capricornutum and Daphnia magna), and stereoselective degradation of sedaxane were studied. The 1 S,2S-(+)-sedaxane possessed 5.4-7.3 times greater bioactivity than 1 R,2R-(-)-sedaxane to Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia cerealis. Contrarily, the 1 R,2S-(+)-sedaxane had 4.2 times greater activity than 1 S,2S-(+)-sedaxane against Fusarium graminearum. The 1 R,2R-(-)-sedaxane had 2.8 times greater toxicity than 1 S,2S-(+)-sedaxane to S. capricornutum. The chiral determination method used ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The recovery of sedaxane stereoisomers ranged from 83.1 % to 98.2 %, with RSDs (Relative standard deviations) of 1.2 %- 8.4 %. The trans-sedaxane existed stereoselective degradation phenomenon in the rice-wheat rotation mode, and 1 S,2S-(+)-sedaxane was preferentially degraded. Our results would provide scientific importance and practical guidance to the safety evaluation of chiral pesticides.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Oryza , Anilidas , Cromatografia Líquida , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Pirazóis , Estereoisomerismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Triazóis/química , TriticumRESUMO
An ultrasensitive fluorometric oligonucleotide immunoassay (UFOIA) based on a fluorometric oligonucleotide and magnetic separation was proposed for the simultaneous detection of two mycotoxins. Two kinds of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) probes and their corresponding fluorometric oligonucleotide probes were prepared. After the immune reaction, Cy5-linked and 6-FAM-linked oligonucleotides were dissociated and applied to detect fluorescence signals simultaneously. Under optimal conditions, the detection ranges of the UFOIA were in the range of 0.654-1438.8 pg mL-1 for zearalenone (ZEN) and 0.215-3190.1 pg mL-1 for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.378 pg mL-1 for ZEN and 0.043 pg mL-1 for AFB1, which showed improved sensitivities of 529-fold and 112-fold compared to those from the ELISA. The positive results of the UFOIA for authentic agricultural products were highly correlated with those from LC-MS/MS. The specificity, accuracy, precision and reliability of the UFOIA are well demonstrated. The proposed UFOIA method achieved the simultaneous and ultrasensitive detection of mycotoxins at the pg mL-1 level, which was a considerable improvement. This study might provide an alternative approach for detecting multi-component contamination equipped with the notable highlights of ultrasensitivity, simultaneity, simplicity, high efficiency and a low background signal.
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Micotoxinas , Zearalenona , Cromatografia Líquida , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Imunoensaio/métodos , Micotoxinas/análise , Oligonucleotídeos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Zearalenona/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Balancing the safety and efficiency of chiral pesticides can help protect pollinators. We evaluated the stereoselective behavior, bioactivity, toxicity and exposure risk of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar system. RESULTS: Density functional theory (DFT) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) were applied for absolute configuration appraisal and chiral analysis validation, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 72.3% to 100.5% with an relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.2% to 9.7%. In a field trial, we determined insecticide half-lives in citrus leaves and flowers, which were 7.0 and 8.6 days for R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, and 11.7 and 14.7 days for S-(-)-pyriproxyfen, respectively. We found that the bioactivity of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen was 3.39 and 2.37 times higher than S-(-)-pyriproxyfen against Unaspis yanonensis and Diaphorina citri nymphs, respectively. S-(-)-pyriproxyfen had 3.8 times higher acute toxicity than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen on Apis mellifera L., and its exposure risk was moderate based on the hazard quotient. CONCLUSION: The phenomenon of stereoselective degradation and biological effect demonstrated that the high-risk stereoisomer of S-(-)-pyriproxyfen degraded more slowly than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, but R-(+)-pyriproxyfen with better efficiency for target. Therefore, an increased duration of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen activity on citrus was beneficial for efficacy. Our results could guide the scientific application and evaluation of chiral pesticides on nectar plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Citrus , Hemípteros , Inseticidas , Praguicidas , Animais , Abelhas , Cromatografia Líquida , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Praguicidas/análise , Néctar de Plantas , Piridinas , Estereoisomerismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodosRESUMO
Pydiflumetofen (PYD) has been used worldwide. However, the enantioselective fate of PYD within mammals is not clear. Thus, the enantioselective metabolism and its potential mechanisms of PYD were explored via in vitro and in silico. Consistent results were observed between metabolism and enzyme kinetics experiments, with S-PYD metabolizing faster than R-PYD in rat liver microsomes. Moreover, CYP3A1 and carboxylesterase 1 were found to be major enzymes participating in the metabolism of PYD. Based on the computational results, S-PYD bound with CYP3A1 and carboxylesterase 1 more tightly with lower binding free energy than R-PYD, explaining the mechanism of enantioselective metabolism. Nine phase I metabolites of PYD were identified, and metabolic pathways of PYD were speculated. This study is the first to clarify the metabolism of PYD in mammals, and further research to evaluate the toxicological implications of these metabolites will help in assessing the risk of PYD.
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Microssomos Hepáticos , Pirazóis , Animais , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Pirazóis/metabolismo , Ratos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The toxicity and health risks of mycotoxins have encouraged increased awareness and strict monitoring of these contaminants in agricultural by-products. In this paper, we developed and tested a sensitive, selective, and self-assembling immunochromatographic (IC) strip for on-site detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). We were able to demonstrate semi-quantitative and quantitative detection of OTA in agricultural by-product samples. RESULTS: The optimized IC strip had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng mL-1 OTA using the naked eye for semi-quantitative detection. When a digitized strip reader was used to achieve quantitative results, the LOD for OTA was reduced to 0.1 ng mL-1 with a linear detection range of 0.1-10 ng mL-1 . We also evaluated the specificity, stability, accuracy, and precision of the IC strip and demonstrated high performance in all of these areas. We then confirmed the ability of the IC strip to visually detect OTA contamination in authentic agricultural by-product samples from the markets in China. Furthermore, quantitative detection of OTA using the IC strip showed that the concentration of OTA ranged from 1.7 to 101.3 ng g-1 in the positive agricultural by-product samples, correlating well with the measurements obtained via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that this proposed IC strip was capable of sensitive, semi-quantitative, quantitative, and on-site detection of OTA contamination in agricultural by-product samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Cromatografia de Afinidade/métodos , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Ocratoxinas/análise , China , Cromatografia de Afinidade/instrumentação , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) is an important pest in soybean production, and chemical pesticides was major way for prevention. However, it is difficult to balance the efficiency and safety of pesticide application. In this paper, we evaluated safety and effectiveness of common insecticides (chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin) on soybean from three aspects, including distribution, dissipation and control effect, around three major soybean production area (Anhui, Jilin and Shandong) in China. For chlorpyrifos, the initial deposition of each position (upper leaf, lower leaf, upper stem, lower stem, soybean and root) was determinated for 0.23 mg/kg to 70.7 mg/kg, and the half-lifes ranged from 1.96 days to 5.36 days. For lambda-cyhalothrin, the initial deposition of the position was determinated for 0.10 mg/kg to 2.54 mg/kg, and the half-lifes ranged from 2.45 days to 7.26 days. We found that the target insecticides were major deposition and faster degradation in upper stem and leaf. Through comparing the relationship between field control effect and residue, it can be suggested that 40% chlorpyrifos EC and 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin WE should be sprayed at 600 g a.i./ha and 5.63 g a.i./ha for SPB prevention. This study enhanced our understanding of distribution, dissipation and relationship between residue and control effect. The results provided data support for guiding the precise and scientific application of chemical insecticides on soybean.
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Clorpirifos/metabolismo , Glycine max/metabolismo , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Mariposas , Nitrilas/metabolismo , Piretrinas/metabolismo , Animais , China , Inseticidas/análise , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Phenamacril is a new broad-spectrum fungicide that is commonly used for the control of fungal diseases in wheat and rice. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to establish a method for analyzing the residual phenamacril in flour and rice based on the improved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method using Z-Sep+ as the adsorbent in the pre-treatment process. The average recovery of phenamacril in flour and rice was 82.2-96.0%, the relative standard deviation was 2.1-5.6% and the limit of quantification was 0.5 µg/kg. The accuracy and sensitivity of this method meet the requirements for residue analysis. The method was applied to commercially available flour and rice samples, and the detected concentrations of phenamacril were 0.005-0.033 mg/kg. This method provides technical support for the safety evaluation of phenamacril.
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Cianoacrilatos/análise , Farinha/análise , Fungicidas Industriais/análise , Oryza/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Modelos Lineares , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodosRESUMO
Rice is an important food crop, with a long history of cultivation in China, and is one of the important staple foods for Chinese today. However, the occurrence of rice diseases has had a substantial impact on its yield. At present, chemical control is the main means of prevention and control of rice diseases. As a high-efficacy and broad-spectrum fungicide, prothioconazole shows an ideal effect on the prevention and control of common rice diseases, but the residuals that remain after its use may have an impact on human health. In this paper, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to develop a residue analysis method and explore the dissipation of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in rice grain, rice husk, and rice plants, and the risks of chronic and acute dietary intake of prothioconazole in different Chinese populations were evaluated. The results showed that at a concentration range of 0.005-5.0 µg/mL, prothioconazole and its metabolites showed good linear correlations, and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.9992. The average recoveries of prothioconazole in three matrixes ranged from 80.0% to 99.7%, the RSD was between 1.54% and 11.0%, and the limit of quantitation was less than 0.01 µg/g. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the established method all met the measurement requirements. The dissipation experimental results showed that the parent compound prothioconazole was rapidly metabolized to prothioconazole-desthio in the rice field environment, and the dissipation half-life in rice plants after application was 2.5-10.1 d. According to the results of dietary risk assessment, under the standardized residue test conditions, the residual level of rice at the sampling interval of 7 days was within the acceptable range for the chronic and acute dietary risks of different populations in China. Our research is important for directing the scientific application of pesticides in China.