Neural Regulations in Tooth Development and Tooth-Periodontium Complex Homeostasis: A Literature Review.

The tooth-periodontium complex and its nerves have active reciprocal regulation during development and homeostasis. These effects are predominantly mediated by a range of molecules secreted from either the nervous system or the tooth-periodontium complex. Different strategies mimicking tooth development or physiological reparation have been applied to tooth regeneration studies, where the application of these nerve- or tooth-derived molecules has been proven effective. However, to date, basic studies in this field leave many vacancies to be filled. This literature review summarizes the recent advances in the basic studies on neural responses and regulation during tooth-periodontium development and homeostasis and points out some research gaps to instruct future studies. Deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tooth development and diseases will provide more clues for tooth regeneration.

SHED-derived exosomes promote LPS-induced wound healing with less itching by stimulating macrophage autophagy.

High-quality cutaneous wound healing is associated with rapid wound closure and a comfortable healing process. Currently, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells displayed a prominent therapeutic effect on skin wound closure. But the therapeutic approaches for wound itching are very limited in clinical. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) may offer a unique exosome resource for cell-free therapeutics in potential clinical applications. Here, we investigated the common mechanisms underlying wound closure and unpleasant sensation of itching, focusing on the contribution of the SHED-derived exosome to immune response and wound itching during healing. The effects of SHED-derived exosomes on inflammatory wound healing were examined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced wounds in a mouse model. We found prolonged inflammation and distinct itch responses in skin wound tissue during LPS-induced wound healing. SHED-derived exosomes facilitated LPS-induced wound closure and relieved wound itching. Therefore, they are ideal for the treatment of wound healing. Macrophages in skin wound tissues are responsible for autophagy during wound healing. Macrophage autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, migration, and neuronal signal transduction in vitro. SHED-derived exosomes containing miR-1246 enhanced autophagy by regulating macrophage function through the AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Thus, SHED-derived exosomes promote wound healing with less itching in an LPS-induced wound model by stimulating macrophage autophagy, which has implications for the treatment of inflammatory wound healing.

MicroRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains a challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising noninvasive markers for the identification of PCNSL. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic value of miRNAs for PCNSL patients as biomarkers. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library from inception to January 31, 2021. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), together with the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) value were used to estimate the overall diagnostic performance. We used Q statistic and I2 to test heterogeneity and used subgroup analyses to investigate the source of heterogeneity. The statistical analyses were independently performed by two investigators using Stata 14.0 and Revman 5.3. RESULTS: In total, 11 studies from 6 records were included in the current meta-analysis with 281 PCNSL patients and 367 controls. Our statistical analysis demonstrated that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.95), 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.91), 7.48 (95% CI 5.71-9.78), 0.11 (95% CI 0.06-0.19), 70 (95% CI 35-142), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.92), respectively. The studies had substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 54%, 95% CI 0-100). Two subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of specimen and miRNAs profiled. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicated that miRNAs were suitable as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for PCNSL with high accuracy. In addition, both cerebrospinal fluid-based and blood-based miRNAs assays for PCNSL detection were considered reliable for clinical application. MicroRNA-21 assays also seemed to be more accurate in the diagnosis of PCNSL. Good quality studies with large samples should be conducted to verify our results.

High-quality genome assembly and resequencing of modern cotton cultivars provide resources for crop improvement.

Cotton produces natural fiber for the textile industry. The genetic effects of genomic structural variations underlying agronomic traits remain unclear. Here, we generate two high-quality genomes of Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90, and identify large-scale structural variations in the two species and 1,081 G. hirsutum accessions. The density of structural variations is higher in the D-subgenome than in the A-subgenome, indicating that the D-subgenome undergoes stronger selection during species formation and variety development. Many structural variations in genes and/or regulatory regions potentially influencing agronomic traits were discovered. Of 446 significantly associated structural variations, those for fiber quality and Verticillium wilt resistance are located mainly in the D-subgenome and those for yield mainly in the A-subgenome. Our research provides insight into the role of structural variations in genotype-to-phenotype relationships and their potential utility in crop improvement.