Adverse Events in Osimertinib Treatment for EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Unveiling Rare Life-Threatening Myelosuppression.

Recent advancements in targeted therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, have revolutionized treatment strategies. Osimertinib, an approved therapy for metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations, highlights remarkable efficacy but also harbors the potential for severe adverse events, whose rarity or lack of precedence may mask their criticality. This article delves into the exploration of adverse events linked to osimertinib, shedding light on a rare yet life-threatening occurrence: severe myelosuppression. A case study detailing a patient with EGFR-mutated NSCLC exhibiting a robust treatment response but experiencing severe myelosuppression following osimertinib initiation is presented. Immediate discontinuation of osimertinib alongside concurrent blood transfusions facilitated toxicity recovery, prompting a successful reduction in myelosuppression severity upon re-administration at a lowered dosage.

Efficacy of Pembrolizumab vs. Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Metastatic NSCLC in Relation to PD-L1 and TMB Status.

The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy concerning programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status is well established in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there remains a paucity of evidence regarding the efficacy concerning tumor mutational burden (TMB) in both clinical trials and real-world data (RWD). In the current article, clinicopathological and molecular epidemiological data were meticulously collected, and treatment modalities were meticulously recorded. The final analysis included a study population of 194 patients. Median age was 67 years (range 37-86), with the majority being male (71.13%), and 85.71% of patients were either current or former smokers at diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma accounted for most diagnoses (71.65%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (24.23%). In terms of PD-L1 status, 42.78% had an expression level below 1%, 28.35% had an expression between 1-49%, and 28.87% had an expression above 50%. The TMB ranged from 0 to 75, with a median of 10.31 (range 0-75) for PD-L1 expression below 1%, with a median of 9.73 (range 0.95-39.63) for PD-L1 expression between 1-49%, and a median of 9.72 (range 0.95-48) for PD-L1 expression above 50%. Corresponding to patients with low PDL-1 less than 1% and low TMB (0-5), the median overall survival (mOS) was 16 (p = 0.18), and 15 months (p = 0.22), patients with medium PDL-1 (1-49%) and medium TMB (5-10), the mOS was 15 (p = 0.18) and 16 months (p = 0.22), patients with high PDL-1 (>50) and high TMB (>10), the mOS was 24 (p = 0.18) and 21 (p = 0.22) months. This study represents the largest academic RWD dataset concerning PD-L1 and TMB status in patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic approach to diverse malignancies, leading to substantial enhancements in patient prognosis. However, along with their benefits, ICIs also increase the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In the present paper, we highlight four cases of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as an uncommon manifestation of toxicity induced by ICIs. Although diagnosed with different malignancies, the patients were undergoing ICI therapy when they developed CTS-consistent side effects accompanied by severe neuropathy. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, or methotrexate resulted in complete symptomatic relief for all patients. This article therefore emphasizes the importance of recognizing and managing rare adverse events associated with ICI use to ensure optimal patient care.

Multi-Center Real-World Outcomes of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab and Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the standard of care in the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of metastatic NSCLC treated in routine practice on the treatment regimen of the CheckMate 9LA protocol. Medical records of 58 patients treated at Soroka and Bnai Zion Medical Centers between May 2020 and February 2022 were analyzed. All patients were treated with a regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy of nivolumab every three weeks and ipilimumab every 6 weeks. The patients received 2-3 cycles of chemotherapy according to the physician's choice: platinum-based cisplatin or carboplatin with either pemetrexed or paclitaxel. The median PFS was 10.2 months, longer than that of the 9LA trial (6.7 months). Adenocarcinoma patients exhibited a higher median OS of 13.7 (range 5-33) months than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients at 12.3 (5-20) months and PFS of 10.3 (4-33) months, while squamous cell carcinoma patients had a PFS of 9.2 (4-18) months. Patients whose programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor expression level was ≥1% showed a higher median OS than those with PD-L1 expression of less than 1%. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 93.1% of patients, mostly grade 1 in severity. The first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC patients in combination with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and chemotherapy can be given safely in routine clinical practice, with results comparable to those achieved in clinical trials of the regimen.

Unexpected Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment standards and significantly enhanced patient prognoses. However, the utilization of these groundbreaking therapies has led to the observation and reporting of various types of adverse events, commonly known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In the following article, we present four patients who encountered uncommon toxicities induced by ICIs. The first patient was a 59-year-old female diagnosed with stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma. She received immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) together with chemotherapy and subsequently developed autonomic neuropathy (AN). The next two patients also received chemo-immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) and were both 63-year-old males with stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma. One of the two experienced palmoplantar keratoderma, while the other presented with Reiter's syndrome (urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis). The 4th patient, an 80-year-old male with stage 4 squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, received chemo-immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) and developed myasthenia gravis.

Radiotherapy-Induced Atrial Myxoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

In this particular case study, we present a 66-year-old male who was diagnosed with an atrial myxoma eight years after receiving treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. The patient underwent chemo-radiotherapy (mediastinal area) in 2012 to address stage III-A adenocarcinoma of the lung. During follow-up imaging in 2020, a left atrial mass displaying characteristic features of a cardiac myxoma was detected. Upon reviewing a computed tomographic (CT) scan from 2017 within the previously irradiated mediastinal region, the cardiac mass was retrospectively identified. The surgical excision of the cardiac mass was performed, and a subsequent pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a left atrial myxoma in a patient previously treated for adenocarcinoma of the lung and the first instance of an atrial myxoma occurring in a site that had undergone prior radiation therapy.

Long-Lasting Therapeutic Response following Treatment with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Experience.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), pembrolizumab in particular, have been shown to be vastly more efficacious than traditional cytotoxic or platinum-based chemotherapies in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While there are plenty of data showing their efficacy and safety profiles, very little exists about the long-term effects of pembrolizumab. We compiled all patients with NSCLC who were treated with pembrolizumab at our institution and had progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 2 years during or after the treatment period. Within this group, we examined the long-term rates of PFS and overall survival (OS), side effect profiles, treatment, and overall disease course up to 60 months after starting treatment. This study included 36 patients with median (range) follow up times from treatment initiation in months as follows: 36 (28-65) overall; 39.5 (28-65) for adenocarcinoma; and 36 (30-58) for squamous cell carcinoma. The median (range) of OS and PFS (months) was comparable for adenocarcinoma, 36 (23-55); and squamous cell carcinoma, 35.5 (28-65). Overall, pembrolizumab shows remarkable long-term safety and efficacy in NSCLC patients. In patients who show an initially strong response and can make it to 24 months of PFS, disease progression after this period seems increasingly unlikely.

Liquid First Is "Solid" in Naïve Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Faster Turnaround Time With High Concordance to Solid Next-Generation Sequencing.

Purpose: Molecular profiling is crucial in naïve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While tissue-based analysis is challenged by turnaround time and scarcity of tissue, there is increasing demand for liquid biopsy. We aimed to analyze the use of upfront liquid biopsy as a molecular profiling approach. Methods: This retrospective multicenter, non-interventional study compared findings and turnaround times of liquid vs. standard-of-care (SOC) tissue-biopsy molecular profiling. The study included naïve advanced NSCLC patients with available liquid biopsy (Guardant360 CDx). Results: A total of 42 consecutive patients (60% men; median age, 69.5 [39-87] years; 86% stage IV NSCLC) were identified between September 2017 and December 2020. Liquid-biopsy analysis provided results for all 42 patients, whereas the tissue-based analysis failed in 5 (12%) patients due to insufficient tumor samples. In 17 patients, 18 actionable driver mutations were identified. Eleven mutations were detected by both approaches (i.e., concordance of 61%), 4 only by liquid biopsy and 3 only by tissue biopsy. The median time from the molecular request to receiving the molecular solid report on the last biomarker was 21 (range: 5-66) days, whereas the median time from blood draw to the liquid-biopsy results was 10.5 (7-19) days. The median time between the availability of liquid-biopsy findings and that of the last biomarker was 5 days. Treatment changes following the liquid-biopsy results were observed in 3 (7%) patients. Conclusion: Performing liquid-biopsy upfront is feasible and accurate and allows a shorter time for treatment in NSCLC, especially when tumor tissue is scarce.

Metastatic small cell lung cancer - an aggressive disease: a case report and literature review.

In the present case study, we describe a 53-year-old male with an aggressive small cell lung cancer (SCLC) that was diagnosed in January 2019. Our patient was treated as first line of systemic chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide followed by mediastinal prophylactic radiotherapy with good response later he received for his metastatic disease (M-SCLC) a rechallenge of systemic chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin, etoposide and dulvalumab with stable disease and after progression his disease he was treated with lurbinectedin and after four cycles he reached a complete radiologic response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported of M-SCLC patient treated with prior of two types of platinum combination with immunotherapy and reaching a complete radiologic response.

Pulmonary toxicity following administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during chemotherapy for breast cancer: a case report and literature review.

In this report, we aim to present a case of pulmonary toxicity in a patient that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for triple-negative breast cancer that was followed with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for prevention neutropenia, our patient presented with chest discomfort and dyspnea, with radiologic evidence of radiologic investigations showed acute respiratory distress syndrome, after investigation and follow up we came to the conclusion that it was G-CSF adverse effect.

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma and Epithelioid Hemangioma: Pazopanib as a Potential Salvage Therapy.

Epithelioid hemangioma (EH) and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) are both rare vascular tumors. EH tumors are often benign while EHE tumors have moderate malignant potential. Here, we present three unique cases at Soroka Medical Center, two featuring EH of the bone and one presenting EHE of the mediastinum. Each case demonstrates distinct treatment challenges due to the rarity of both diseases and lack of established guidelines. We propose three treatment approaches including pazopanib for salvage therapy of EH of the bone and minimally invasive surgical resection which in these cases lead to complete symptom relief and tumor stabilization upheld over time with close follow-up.