New Records of Mosquitoes in Bolivia and Northwestern Argentina.

Two mosquito species, Culex (Culex) hepperi and Culex (Culex) maxi are reported for the first time for Bolivia, in Tarija department. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) stigmaticus and Mansonia (Mansonia) indubitans are the first records in Aniceto Arce province, in Tarija department, southern Bolivia. In addition, Aedes (Protomacleaya) alboapicus and Culex (Phytotelmatomyia) renatoi are reported for the first time in the northwestern region of Argentina. Anopheles (Nyssorrhynchus) nuneztovari s.l. is reported for the first time in Jujuy and Tucumán provinces, and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) raymundi and Anopheles (Anopheles) neomaculipalpus are the first reports in Tucumán province. The 3 species are extending their geographical distribution in these provinces. Data on the collection localities and comments about the medical relevance of some species are also presented.

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lutzomyia reburra (Diptera: Phlebotominae), in Rural Tourist Locations, Biosphere Reserve and Leishmaniasis Endemic Area, Ecuador.

This research represents the first attempt to assess the spatial and temporal distribution based on micro-meso scales on two species with different host preference habits (anthropophilic vs zoophilic), in the major Leishmaniasis endemic area in Ecuador, tourist locations, and Biosphere reserve. Phlebotomine species, Lutzomyia trapidoi (Fairchild) and Lutzomyia reburra (Fairchild and Hertig), were analyzed by trap/habitat/month/locality/altitude, through the Poisson generalized regression model. Our data reveal a bimodal pattern for both species related with low precipitations and preference for forest habitat. Altitude, proximity to the forest, and the river were the variables that determine the hypervolume of the spatial distribution of relative abundance, where the overlap of these two species increases the risk of translocation and circulation of the etiological agent of leishmaniasis in sylvatic environments to rural-tourist-biosphere reserve areas and vice versa. The ecological characteristics of these two phlebotomines could explain the permanence of the major active and endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the North-Western Ecuador a key aspect in tourism health-security in alternative tourism.