The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. METHODOLOGY: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis. RESULTS: ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis.

The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats

Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. Methodology Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. İmmunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis. Results ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis.

The Local Effect of Puerarin on Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects.

Pueraria, the root of Pueraria lobata, is a commonly used herb in alternative medicine. This study evaluates the effect of puerarin and autogenous graft material combination on bone regeneration in calvarial critical-sized bone defects. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 rats each. A 5-mm diameter critical-sized defect was created in the calvarium of each animal. In group C, defects were left unfilled and were allowed to heal spontaneously without the use of any grafting material. Critical-sized bone defect created in animals receiving no treatment. In group ABG, defects were filled with autologous bone graft only. In group P-ABG, defects were filled with autologous bone graft and puerarin combination. All animals were euthanized at 28 days postoperative. Stereologic analyses were performed. New bone area and connective tissue volumes were measured. Stereologic analysis showed that the difference between grafted groups (P-ABG and ABG) and group C was statistically significant with a mean bone formation of 1.13 ±â€Š0.09, 1.11 ±â€Š0.11, and 0.31 ±â€Š0.09 mm respectively (P ≤0.05). The connective tissue volumes were also statistically higher in groups P-ABG and ABG (P ≤0.05). Puerarin has positive effect on new bone formation in autogenous grafted critical-sized bone defects.

The Effect of Local Rosuvastatin on Mandibular Fracture Healing.

Mandibular fracture is the most common injury seen in facial fractures and plays an important role for oral and maxillofacial surgery department. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of the local administration of rosuvastatin (RSV) on mandibular fracture healing in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 groups: group C-14 (control), group R-14, group C-28 (control), and group R-28. A unilateral standard vertical osteotomy was performed right side of the mandibula extending from the tooth to the mandibular basis for each animal. In groups C-14 and C-28 sterile saline treated absorbable collogen sponge was applied to the fracture area, in groups R-14 and R-28 absorbable collogen sponge with saline solution containing 1 mg RSV was applied to the fracture area. Animals in groups C-14 and R-14 were euthanized on the 14th day, groups C-28 and R-28 were euthanized on the 28th day after operation. Stereologic analyses were performed. New bone area and connective tissue volumes were measured. Stereologic analysis showed that group R-14 had significantly more new bone at 2 weeks compared with group C-14. Connective tissue volumes were also significantly higher in R-14. New bone and connective tissue volume differences were not statistically significant between groups C-28 and R-28. Locally administered RSV enhances early bone regeneration on mandibular fracture in rats.

Radiological and Stereological Evaluation of the Effect of Rifampin on Bone Healing in Critical-Size Defects.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of rifampin with autogenous bone on bone regeneration in critical-size defects in the calvaria of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 40 rats were divided into 4 groups and a 5-mm diameter of calvarial defect was made in each rat's calvarium. Control group (C), bone defects were irrigated with sterile saline; rifampin group (R), bone defects were irrigated with rifampin. In the autogenous graft group (Ag), the autogenous graft was contaminated with saliva, and the defects were filled with an autogenous graft. In the autogenous graft + rifampin group (Ag+R), the autogenous graft was contaminated with saliva and was decontaminated with rifampin, and the defects were filled with the autogenous graft. The animals were killed at 4weeks. Bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography scanning and stereological analyses. RESULTS: The mean new bone volume was the greatest in the Ag/rifampin group (1.73 ±â€Š0.17), followed by the Ag group (1.50 ±â€Š0.05) (statistically significant difference at P < 0.05). The new bone volume was the lowest in the control group (1.05 ±â€Š0.09); however, no difference was observed compared with the rifampin group (1.08 ±â€Š0.07) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study, despite its limitations, showed that rifampin with autogenous bone increased bone regeneration in rats with critical-size defects.

Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Concentrated Growth Factor on Bone Healing.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrated growth factors (CGF) on the healing of peri-implant bone defects in an animal model. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty 4-month-old New Zealand White rabbits, each with an average weight of 3.5 kg, were used in this blinded, prospective, experimental study. Two implants were placed and 2 peri-impant defects were prepared in each rabbit tibia. Bone defects were created monocortically in the tibia of each rabbit using a trephine burr with a diameter of 8 mm. The implants were installed in each hole. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups: in group E, the defect was left empty; in group CGF, the defects were filled only with CGF; in group AB, the defects were filled with autogenous bone; and in group AB+CGF, the defects were filled with autogenous bone and CGF. The animals were euthanized at week 8 postimplantation. All implants from the 20 animals were fixed in 10% formalin and evaluated histomorphometrically. RESULTS: The mean defect area was highest in group E and lowest in group CGF+AB (P <0.05). The area of the defect differed significantly between groups AB and CGF+AB (P <0.05), but not between groups CGF and E. Implant-to-bone contact was lowest in group E. In the defect areas of groups CGF, AB and CGF+AB, a small amount of new bone formed around the implant. CONCLUSIONS: In this animal model of a peri-implant bone defect, restoration was achieved using a combination of autogenous bone and CGF. Further studies are needed to determine the behavior of CGF when used in the repair of bone defects in humans.

Is Hyaluronic Acid Injection Effective for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement With Reduction?

PURPOSE: Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections and occlusal splints have been suggested in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) derangements, but no sufficient data are available from controlled clinical trials comparing HA injection with another treatment modality. This study compared the effectiveness of a single HA injection, a double HA injection, and splint therapy for the treatment of TMJ disc displacement with reduction (DDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical trial was designed. The study sample included patients with TMJ DDR. The primary predictor variable was treatment method. Patients were divided into 4 groups: control, single HA injection, double HA injection, and stabilization splint therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. The control group was self-selected. The primary outcome variable was pain at rest and during mastication. The secondary outcome variables were TMJ noise, quality of life, and level of jaw movements. Clinical symptoms and jaw movements were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Descriptive, comparative, correlation, and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The sample included 51 patients (66 TMJs) 18 to 48 years old. All treatment groups showed significant improvement compared with baseline values for pain, TMJ noise, quality of life, and maximum mouth opening (MMO) at 6-month follow-up (P < .05). However, the 2 HA injection groups indicated superior improvement for pain, MMO, and quality of life compared with the stabilization splint group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that HA injection and stabilization splinting are acceptably successful treatment modalities to alleviate the clinical signs and symptoms of TMJ DDR.

Reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fractures using dental instrument: Report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

To assess the effectiveness of a dental instrument for reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fractures. Two patients were admitted to our clinic representing isolated unilateral zygomatic arch fracture. The common presenting complaints were pain, swelling and difficulty in mouth opening. Fractures were confirmed with plain radiography and computerized tomography. The fractures were reduced with upper buccal sulcus approach by dental instrument. Patients achieved satisfactory maximum mouth opening within 10 days. At follow up after 6 months, there was complete healing without any complication. This procedure is cost effective, time saving, safe and effective to manage isolated zygomatic arch fractures under local anaesthesia with satisfactory outcomes.

Evaluation of the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography on measuring impacted supernumerary teeth.

Supernumerary teeth may affect the tooth eruption negatively if they occur on the eruption way, and the treatment choice is usually the extraction to prevent the impaction of adjacent permanent teeth. CBCT enables clear and three dimensional images, and it may be helpful to determine the exact location and to measure the dimensions of the supernumerary tooth to avoid any complication during the extraction process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT on measuring the tooth length and crown width of impacted supernumerary teeth. Twenty-five impacted supernumerary teeth were evaluated using CBCT, and each sample's tooth length and crown width were measured prior to the extraction. After all the extractions were completed, the actual measurements were performed on the same samples. The differences between CBCT and actual measurements were evaluated statistically. Measurements on CBCT images were significantly larger than the actual measurements on tooth length and crown width. For tooth length and crown width, p value was found as 0.045, and <0.001, respectively. The results of the present study should be considered as important by clinicians during the treatment planning to decrease any complication risk under certain conditions such as being so close to an important anatomical structure or the root of an adjacent tooth. SCANNING 38:579-584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effect of initial periodontal treatment on plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown adverse effects on the periodontium from the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the bodily fluids of patients with and without periodontal disease and to evaluate changes after initial periodontal treatment. DESIGN: Forty-five obese individuals and 45 normal-weight individuals were included in this study. Obese and normal-weight groups were classified into three sub-groups: chronic periodontitis (CP), gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy controls (CTRL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), plasma, saliva samples and clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and a month after initial periodontal treatment. Levels of 8-OHdG were analysed by ELISA. RESULTS: While plasma 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher at baseline in the obese patients with periodontal disease than in the normal-weight individuals (P<0.05), no significant differences in GCF and saliva 8-OHdG levels were found (P ˃ 0.05). GCF and salivary 8-OHdG levels in obese patients with G and CP were significantly higher than in CTRL groups at baseline (P<0.05). After treatment, 8-OHdG levels were decreased in all groups with periodontal disease (P<0.01). Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between GCF 8-OHdG levels and GI in all the groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The significant increase of plasma 8-OHdG levels in obese patients did not correlate with saliva and GCF 8-OHdG levels when compared to normal-weight individuals. Periodontal treatment had a positive effect on the periodontal parameters and 8-OHdG levels of both obese and normal-weight individuals.

Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth: A survey on 7348 people.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of supernumerary teeth with by evaluating a large group of adult patients in Turkey and to investigate the characteristics of supernumerary teeth with their complications and treatment options. STUDY DESIGN: This descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in 7348 adult patients aged over 18 years (3212 females and 4136 males). The characteristics of the supernumerary teeth were noted and the diagnosis was made during clinical and radiographic examination with the help of panaromic, periapical, and occlusal radiography. Information on the demographic variables for each patient, including age and gender, were colleceted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All supernumerary teeth were classfied under several titles such as location, position, morphology, eruption, clinical complications, and treatment protocols. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Chi-squared test was used to determine differences in distribution of supernumerary teeth when stratified by gender. The statistical significance was established by confidence interval of 95% (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: 123 (2.14%) affected patients (69 females and 54 males) were observed with a female:male ratio of 1.28:1 (P < 0.05). One hundred and fifty-six supernumerary teeth were detected in all affected patients. CONCLUSION: Supernumerary teeth may be observed in adults patients with a similar frequency (2.14%) as in children and young adolescents, and clinicians should take measures and examine all patients carefully even at older ages.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma combined with hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes in the treatment of intra-bony defects in maxillofacial region.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) clinically and radiographically when combined with bovine derived hydroxyapatite (HA) bone grafting materials and resorbable collagen membranes for the treatment of intra-bony defects frequently seen at the distal aspect of mandibular second molars following the surgical extraction of fully impacted mandibular wisdom teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen patients were scheduled for post-operative visits at 1, 3 and 6 months post-operatively, probing depths were measured and digital panoramic radiographs were taken. RESULTS: There were no significant differences on probing depths among two groups. Radiographic assessment also showed no significant difference among groups at 1st and 6th month intervals, while 3 months post-operatively the amount of radiographic density at the PRP side was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: Combined use of PRP and bovine-derived HA graft materials for the treatment of intra-bony defects might be an appropriate approach when the main goal is providing earlier bone regeneration.