A novel injectable pH-temperature sensitive hydrogel containing chitosan-insulin electrosprayed nanosphere composite for an insulin delivery system in type I diabetes treatment.

A novel insulin composite delivery system was prepared and characterized. The composite consisted of a pH- and temperature-sensitive hydrogel, which is an oligomer serine-b-poly(lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide)-b-oligomer serine (OS-PLA-PEG-PLA-OS) pentablock copolymer, as matrix and chitosan-insulin electrosprayed nanospheres (CIN) as constituent materials. The properties of the OS-PLA-PEG-PLA-OS pentablock copolymer and the chitosan-insulin nanoparticles were characterized. The chitosan-insulin nanospheres uniformly distributed in the matrix had a reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties and prolonged the degradation time of the hydrogel depot under body conditions. The composite solutions accommodating different concentrations of the chitosan-insulin nanospheres were subcutaneously injected into induced diabetic BALB/c mice to study the in vivo insulin-release profile. The result showed that insulin concentrations in blood plasma were maintained at a steady-state level. Furthermore, the bio-properties of the insulin were retained and it showed a blood glucose level reducing effect for more than 60 hours after injection to a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. The results suggested that this injectable pH-temperature sensitive hydrogel containing chitosan-insulin electrosprayed nanosphere composites has promising potential applications for type 1 diabetes treatment.

Smart injectable biogels based on hyaluronic acid bioconjugates finely substituted with poly(ß-amino ester urethane) for cancer therapy.

Development of implantable material to control the release of chemotherapeutics in the body is a promising approach to control cancer cell proliferation; however, implantation requires surgical intervention. Herein, we propose the in situ formation of injectable biogels (IBGs) for the programmed delivery of potent chemotherapeutic drugs. IBGs are developed via cohesive molecular assembly of a polysaccharide-polymer network comprised of hyaluronic acid-poly(ß-amino urethane). Biocompatible IBGs could be administered subcutaneously through a hypodermic needle in vivo to subsequently assemble into a microporous network. The hyaluronic acid-shielded network mimics the natural extracellular matrix, avoiding rapid degradation of IBGs, with a soft texture and adhesiveness facilitating integration with dermal tissues after subcutaneous implantation. The natural-mimicking architecture confers the IBG network controlled degradation and bioresorbable properties. Subcutaneous administration of IBGs controlled the delivery of a therapeutic agent in a spatio-temporal manner. Therapeutic agents delivered near the tumors in a sustained manner were effectively infiltrated into the thick solid tumors and provide a durable and enhanced anti-tumor response in the B16/OVA melanoma model in vivo. These results indicate that IBGs could be potential medical interventions for the treatment of cancers.

Tumor acidity and CD44 dual targeting hyaluronic acid-coated gold nanorods for combined chemo- and photothermal cancer therapy.

In this work, tumor acidity and CD44 dual targeting hyaluronic acid-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) are investigated for combined chemo- and photothermal cancer therapy. Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) is conjugated with pH-sensitive groups for pH-induced aggregation and lipoic acid for coating of AuNRs. By changing pH-sensitive groups with different pKa values, pH-sensitivity of modified LMWHA can be tuned. After coating modified LMWHA onto AuNRs, biocompatibility of the AuNRs is significantly improved. These LMWHA-coated AuNRs can gradually aggregate under slightly acidic conditions, making them favorable for accumulation at acidic tumor sites. Surface LMWHA allows the nanocomposites to be selectively uptaken by CD44-expressing cancer cells, and AuNRs endows the nanocomposites with excellent photothermal ability. Loading of doxorubicin, a chemical drug, provides the LMWHA-coated AuNRs synergistic cancer cell-killing (in vitro) and tumor growth inhibiting (in vivo) ability. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this multifunctional nanosystem with pH-induced aggregation and CD44 targeting has potential for combined chemo- and photothermal cancer therapy.

One-Step Preparation of pH-Responsive Polymeric Nanogels as Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Therapy.

In this work, pH-responsive polypeptide-based nanogels are reported as potential drug delivery systems. By the formation of pH-sensitive benzoic imine bonds, pH-responsive nanogels are constructed using hydrophilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)- b-poly[ N-[ N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]-l-glutamate] (MPEG- b-PNLG) and hydrophobic terephthalaldehyde (TPA) as a cross-linker. At pH 7.4, MPEG- b-PNLG nanogels exhibit high stabilities with hydrophobic inner cores, which allow encapsulation of hydrophobic therapeutic agents. Under tumoral acidic environments (pH ∼6.4), the cleavage of benzoic imine bonds induces the destruction of MPEG- b-PNLG nanogels and leads to rapid release of their payloads. The formation and pH sensitivity of the nanogels are investigated by dynamic light scattering. These nanogels exhibit excellent stabilities in the presence of salt or against dilution. The globular morphologies of the nanogels are confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Doxorubicin is used as a model drug to evaluate drug encapsulation and release. Finally, the anticancer activities of the drug-encapsulated nanogels are assessed in vitro.