RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of coronary artery spasm (CAS) was extended beyond variant angina to ischemic heart disease in general, including effort angina, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden death. It is difficult and cumbersome to examine CAS during coronary angiography. Risk factors for CAS include smoking and genetic polymorphisms. AIM: We aimed to investigate the association of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphism with catheter-induced CAS in Egyptian patients who undergo coronary angiography. METHODS: This is a case-control study. Two hundred patients with chronic coronary artery disease who underwent elective coronary angiography were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: the non-CAS group (100 patients) and the CAS group (100 patients). The subjects were genotyped to the -572 C>G (rs 1800796) polymorphism of the IL-6 gene by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: We found that patients with CAS have more risk factors for atherosclerosis compared to those without CAS. Smoking, the IL-6 GG genotype, and the G allele were independent risk factors for CAS. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the GG genotype and G allele of the IL-6 gene are associated with CAS. Smoking, the GG genotype, and the G allele of the IL-6 gene are independent predictors of catheter-induced CAS.
Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Vasoespasmo Coronário , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Interleucina-6 , População do Norte da África , Fumar , Humanos , Egito/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Interleucina-6/genética , Vasoespasmo Coronário/genética , Vasoespasmo Coronário/diagnóstico , Vasoespasmo Coronário/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Frequência do Gene , Fenótipo , Cateteres Cardíacos , Estudos de Associação Genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) exerts diverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Impairment of NO production plays a key role in cerebral and coronary artery spasm. We aimed to explore the predicting factors of radial artery spasm (RAS) and the association of eNOS gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp) with RAS during cardiac catheterization. METHODS AND RESULTS: 200 patients underwent elective coronary angiography through a trans-radial approach. The subjects were genotyped to the Glu298Asp polymorphism (rs1799983) on the eNOS gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Our results showed that the subjects with the TT genotype and T allele were significantly more likely to develop radial artery spasms (OR = 12.5, 4.6, P < 0.001 respectively). TT genotype of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism, number of punctures, size of the radial sheath, radial tortuosity, and right radial access are independent predictors of radial spasm. CONCLUSION: The eNOS (Glu298Asp) gene polymorphism is associated with RAS during cardiac catheterization in Egyptians. TT genotype of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism, number of punctures, size of the radial sheath, right radial access, and tortuosity are independent predictors of RAS during cardiac catheterization.