Evaluation of last-year dental students' knowledge of prescription of analgesics and anti-bacterial agents for pregnant and lactating women

Oral health in pregnant and lactating women can affect maternal and child health. Dental treatments in this period should not have adverse effects on maternal and child health. This study was conducted to investigate the last-year dental students' knowledge of the prescription of analgesics and antibiotics for pregnant and lactating mothers in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods: A total of 104 last-year dental students of Khorasgan Islamic Azad University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were recruited in this descriptiveanalytical study. They completed a 16-item questionnaire on the prescription of analgesics and antibiotics for pregnant and lactating mothers. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Version 22) statistical software(t-test). Results: The total mean score of students' knowledge was 9.02±1.91. The highest level of knowledge about the safest analgesic (acetaminophen) was reported for the pregnant patients so that 100% of them had correct information in this regard. Further, the lowest level of knowledge was found for the use of dexamethasone during lactation, as only 10.6% of respondents were able to provide a correct response in this regard. Conclusion: The dental students had average knowledge about the prescription of antibiotics and analgesics for pregnant and lactating patients. To prevent the possible risks for these patients, further information should be provided to dental students

Tetracopper Assembly Complexes Comprised of One Dimetallic Core and Two Monometallic Auxiliaries: Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Relevant to Multicopper Oxidases.

Two tetracopper assembly complexes, comprised of one dimetallic di(3-iminomethylsalicylato)dicopper(II) core and two monometallic copper(II) auxiliaries attached to the imino nitrogens of the dinuclear core through an alkane chain, have been prepared. [Cu(4)(L(1))](PF(6))(4).2CH(3)CN.3H(2)O (1) has di(2-pyridylmethyl)aminecopper(II) as the monometallic auxiliary, and [Cu(4)(L(2))](ClO(4))(4).CH(3)OH (2) has 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanecopper(II) as the auxiliary. Assembly 1 in acetonitrile shows a two-electron reduction at -0.08 V (vs SCE) followed by a one-electron reduction at -0.42 V. Together with EPR studies for electrolyzed solutions, it is shown that the two monometallic auxiliaries are reduced at -0.08 V, followed by an intramolecular electron transfer from one of the reduced auxiliaries to the dimetallic core and by the second reduction at the resulting monometallic Cu(II) center at -0.42 V: {Cu(II)-Cu(2)(II,II)-Cu(II)}/{Cu(I)-Cu(2)(II,II)-Cu(I)} --> {Cu(I)-Cu(2)(I,II)-Cu(II)}/{Cu(I)-Cu(2)(I,II)-Cu(I)}. The CV of 2 in DMSO shows two couples at -0.68 and -0.99 V attributable to the stepwise reductions: {Cu(II)-Cu(2)(II,II)-Cu(II)}/{Cu(II)-Cu(2)(I,II)-Cu(II)}/{Cu(I)-Cu(2)(I,II)-Cu(II)}. Assembly 1 is reduced with ascorbic acid to the {Cu(I)-Cu(2)(I,II)-Cu(I)} species, whereas 2 is not reduced with ascorbic acid. The relevance of the intramolecular electron transfer observed for 1 to multicopper oxidases is discussed.

Ruthenium Complexes of Quinone Related Ligands: A Study of the Electrochemical Properties of 2-Aminothiophenolatobis(2,2'-Bipyridine)Ruthenium(II).

Electrochemical properties of the newly synthesized 2-amino thiophenolatobis(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(2)(NH(2).S)cat](+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, (NH(2).S) = 2-aminothiophenolate) are reported, using microelectrode, disk electrode, rotating disk electrode cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and differential pulse voltammetry. The results are compared with the electrochemical properties of the previously studied [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)LL](n)()(+) compounds, where LL are 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (O.O), 2-aminophenol (NH(m)().O), and 1,2-diaminobenzene (NH(m)().NH(m)()). These ligands can exist in protonated (m = 2) or deprotonated (m = 1) forms. By means of cyclic voltammetry, the deprotonated [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(NH.S)](0) displayed a series of one-electron reversible redox waves, consistent with the previously observed results for the [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)LL](n)()(+) complexes. However, the reversible waves observed for protonated [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(NH(2).S) cat](+) are inconsistent with the irreversible waves observed for protonated [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)LL](n)()(+) complexes. An ECE mechanism is proposed to account for these differences and is used to interpret and simulate the cyclic voltammograms (CV)s of [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(NH(2).S)cat](+) in organic solvents.