Outcome of Esotropia Surgery in 2 Tertiary Hospitals in Cameroon.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular alignment following esotropia surgery in our setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional descriptive study which spanned 19 years, from October 1999 to September 2018 at the Douala General Hospital and the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Complete medical records of patients who underwent surgery for esotropia during the study period were included. Data collected included age at diagnosis, sex, age of onset of esotropia, age at surgery, refractive error, type of surgery performed, pre and post-operative angle of deviation. The outcome was considered good when the postoperative angle was ≤10 prism diopters (PD). RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety patients with primary esotropia were seen during the study period. Only 155 returned for follow-up after wearing the full cycloplegic correction for a minimum period of 3 months. Accommodative esotropia was found in 32 cases (20.6%). Among the 123 cases requiring surgery, 63 cases underwent surgery (51.2%). Fifty-nine complete records were included (59.3% females and 40.7% males). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 6.5 ± 6.1 years and the mean age at the time of surgery was 8.7 ± 6.1 years. The mean preoperative angle at distance was 42.8 ±10.8 PD. The outcome was good in 91.5% of cases. No factor influenced the outcome of surgery. CONCLUSION: The outcome of esotropia surgery was good in this study. This could serve to increase patient motivation to accept surgery in our setting.

Color vision deficiency among biomedical students: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) among first-cycle students of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 1, 2015 and May 31, 2016. Distant visual acuity was measured and color vision test done for all consenting students. Ishihara's plates were used to test all the participants. Those who failed the test were tested with the Roth's 28 Hue test for confirmation of CVD and classification. RESULTS: A total of 303 students were included, among whom 155 were males (50.8%) and 148 were females (49.2%). The mean age was 20.2±2 years. Five students (1.6%) failed the Ishihara's plate testing. Roth's 28 Hue test confirmed CVD in 4 of those cases, giving a prevalence of 1.3%. There were equal numbers of protan and deutan CVD. CONCLUSION: Despite its low prevalence among first-cycle students of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, CVD screening should be performed in order to raise awareness, which will go a long way to help orientate the choice of future specialty.

Phthirus pubis Infestation of the Eyelids Presenting as Chronic Blepharoconjunctivitis in a 6-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.

PURPOSE: To report the case of Phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes presenting as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old girl presented with a 2-month history of blepharoconjunctivitis unresponsive to topical antibiotics in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed the presence of nits and adult parasites on the eyelashes. Parasitological examination confirmed adult forms and nits of Phthirus pubis. There was no evidence of infestation elsewhere. Outcome was favourable with mechanical removal and application of petroleum jelly. CONCLUSION: Careful slit-lamp examination of the eyelashes should be done in all patients presenting with ocular irritation symptoms.

Partially absorbed cataractous lens in the anterior chamber revealing neglected severe ocular contusion: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Ocular contusion can produce severe lesions, which if not treated appropriately and promptly, can lead to visual impairment. Ocular contusion in childhood may not be reported by children. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27 year old female presented with a partially absorbed cataractous lens that was dislocated into the anterior chamber of her left eye. There was mild anterior chamber reaction. She reported no history of ocular trauma; but associated findings and further investigations were in favour of a post-traumatic aetiology. CONCLUSION: All ocular injuries require a detailed ophthalmological examination to assess vision and the extent of lesions.

Ophthalmological findings in Cameroonian boxers.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this prospective, noncomparative consecutive study was to examine active and retired amateur boxers in order to evaluate the nature and incidence of ocular pathologic conditions related to the boxing practice. RESULTS: A total of 35 boxers were included in this study. The mean age of the boxers was 28.09±7.57 years (range 18-52 years). Sixteen (45.7%) boxers had >5 years of boxing experience. Fifteen (42.85%) of the boxers reported wearing protective equipment in the bouts and sparring rounds. The number of bouts ranged from 3 to 103, with a median of 20 (interquartile range [IQR] =7-44). The percentages of wins varied from 25% to 100%, with a median of 68.29% (IQR =50.00-79.54). Most of the eye injuries recorded were minor injuries (66.66%), with subconjunctival hemorrhage being the most common (24.24%). Lid scars were the second most common lesion, accounting for 18.18% of all lesions. Sight-threatening eye lesions accounted for 33.34% of injuries and included cataracts (12.12%), lens dislocation (3.03%), pseudoexfoliation syndrome (3.03%), unilateral glaucoma (3.03%), retinal detachment (3.03%), vitreous opacity (6.06%), and lattice degeneration (3.03%). CONCLUSION: Boxing-related ocular traumas are common in Cameroon, and ocular surface lesions are the most common injury reported. Severe lesions are indications for premature retirement from boxing practice.