A randomised controlled trial of coblation, diode laser and cold dissection in paediatric tonsillectomy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of diode laser, coblation and cold dissection tonsillectomy in paediatric patients. METHODS: A total of 120 patients aged 10-15 years with recurrent tonsillitis were recruited. Participants were prospectively randomised to diode laser, coblation or cold dissection tonsillectomy. Operative time and blood loss were recorded. Pain was recorded on a Wong-Baker FACES(®) pain scale. RESULTS: The operative time (10 ± 0.99 minutes), blood loss (20 ± 0.85 ml) and pain were significantly lower with coblation tonsillectomy than with cold dissection tonsillectomy (20 ± 1.0 minutes and 30 ± 1.0 ml; p = 0.0001) and diode laser tonsillectomy (15 ± 0.83 minutes and 25 ± 0.83 ml; p = 0.0001). Diode laser tonsillectomy had a shorter operative time (p = 0.0001) and less blood loss (p = 0.001) compared with cold dissection tonsillectomy. However, at post-operative day seven, the diode laser tonsillectomy group had significantly higher pain scores compared with the cold dissection (p = 0.042) and coblation (p = 0.04) tonsillectomy groups. CONCLUSION: Both coblation and diode laser tonsillectomy are associated with significantly reduced blood loss and shorter operative times compared with cold dissection tonsillectomy. However, we advocate coblation tonsillectomy because of the lower post-operative pain scores compared with diode laser and cold dissection tonsillectomy.

Radiological appearances in olfactory dysfunction: pictorial review.

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is a common condition that may in some cases require imaging to investigate a potential underlying cause. OBJECTIVES: This review describes the anatomy of normal olfaction and illustrates the pathological substrates of olfactory dysfunction amenable to imaging.

Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: what is new and where next?

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common, heterogeneous condition. An effective means of mitigating disease in chronic rhinosinusitis patients remains elusive. A variety of causes have been implicated, with the biofilm theory gaining increasing prominence. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the literature on the role of biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis, in terms of pathophysiology and with regard to avenues for future treatment. METHODS: A systematic review of case series was performed using databases with independently developed search strategies, including Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane library, and Zetoc, in addition to conference proceedings and a manual search of literature, with the last search conducted on 18 January 2014. The search terms included the following, used in various combinations to maximise the yield of articles identified: 'biofilms', 'chronic rhinosinusitis', 'DNase', 'extracellular DNA' and 'biofilm dispersal'. RESULTS: The existing evidence lends further support for the role of biofilms (particularly the Staphylococcus aureus phenotype) in more severe, recalcitrant disease and poorer surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Multimodality treatment, with a shift in paradigm to incorporate anti-biofilm strategies, is likely to form the mainstay of future recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis management.

Spectrum of radiological appearances of necrotising external otitis: a pictorial review.

Necrotising external otitis, also known as malignant otitis externa, is an aggressive, resorptive osteomyelitis of the temporal bone. Although rare, necrotising external otitis is a potentially fatal disease, with complications which include temporomandibular joint osteomyelitis, sigmoid sinus thrombosis and meningitis. Imaging findings may be subtle, particularly in the early stages. We present a broad range of imaging findings which may occur in necrotising external otitis cases.

Malignant otitis externa: case series.

BACKGROUND: In the light of current concerns regarding ciprofloxacin resistance and the changing face of malignant otitis externa, we reviewed cases of malignant otitis externa treated in our centre, in order both to evaluate the current epidemiology of the condition and to assess the status of drug resistance in our patient population. METHOD: Retrospective case review of all malignant otitis externa cases managed in a tertiary referral centre in the north-east of England between 2000 and 2009. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were identified, but the required data were available for only 37 cases. Patients' ages ranged from 51 to 101 years (median, 81 years). Diabetes was present in 51 per cent of patients (19/37), facial nerve palsy in 40 per cent (15/37) and multiple cranial nerve palsy in 24 per cent (9/37). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated organism (54 per cent), sensitive to ciprofloxacin in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of cranial nerve palsy in our study was higher than in previous reports. The incidence of diabetes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in our cohort was much lower than previously reported. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated were all sensitive to ciprofloxacin, despite recent reports on emerging resistance.