Outcome of hyaluronic acid gel injection in glans penis for treatment of lifelong premature ejaculation: A pilot study.

Objective: To assess safety and efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel injection in glans penis for treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) using our new five puncture technique. Patients and methods: This is a prospective, non-randomized clinical trial on HA gel injection in glans penis for all patients with lifelong PE; all patients were circumcised having heterosexual normal marital life and sexually active. Patients with history of ejaculatory medication use within the previous 3 months, psychiatric disorders, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to prostatitis and acquired PE were excluded from the study. A local anesthetic was applied to the skin of glans penis for 30 minutes before the injection of 2 ml HA in glans penis via 30-gauge needle using our new Five-puncture technique. Intra-vaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) was measured at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection. Results: Thirty patients completed our study follow up schedule. Mean age of the patients was 41.72 ± 8.50, while mean age of female partner was 37.23 ± 8.54 years. IELT was highly significantly increased (P-value < 0.001) after HA gel injection from baseline, which was in maximum 37.83 ± 11.01 sec at baseline to 323.03 ± 42.06, 281.07 ± 41.05, 241.03 ± 43.09 and 235.6 ± 41.87 sec after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively, after injection. Three patients complained from discomfort at the site of injection, two from bullae formation at the site of injection and one from ecchymosis, and all resolved spontaneously after 1 week to 10 days after injection. Conclusion: HA gel injection in glans penis using our new five-puncture technique is a safe and effective method that ensures a modest long-term significant increase in IELT and improves ejaculatory control.

Risk factors of penile resurfacing in re-operative hypospadias repair: A retrospective analytical study.

INTRODUCTION: In re-operative hypospadias repair, scarred urethral plate, and deficient unhealthy penile skin are usually problematic. Difficulties are not only in urethroplasty but also in penile skin coverage. Penile skin coverage after urethroplasty with good viable skin decreases the complication rate and increases the satisfaction with repair. Studies reporting variables that increase the risks of the need for penile resurfacing in re-operative hypospadias are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk factors of the need for penile resurfacing techniques (PRSTs) in re-operative hypospadias. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the redo hypospadias cases operated in-between January 2010 and December 2020 was done. Surgical data of the previous repairs, the indications for intervention, and the penile shaft coverage techniques at the time of the last repair were collected and analyzed. Patients' records were reviewed and categorized into two main groups. Group one include patients with simple skin closure, and group two include patients in whom penile resurfacing was done. Univariate analysis and Stepwise logistic regression measured the risk factors of the need for penile resurfacing techniques. RESULTS: Out of 223 re-operative hypospadias, simple skin closure was done in 105 (group 1). Penile skin resurfacing (Byars flaps, Heineke-Mikulicz technique, and Z-Plasty) was in 55 (group 2a). In 63 patients (group 2b), scrotal flaps and skin grafts (split and full thickness) were the PRSTs. Patients ages, proximal hypospadias, number of prior surgery, one-stage repair, penile skin use in repair especially flap techniques, more than one complication in the same case, and unsatisfactory skin appearance increased the risk for PRSTs. Each previous repair increases the odds ratio of penile and non-penile resurfacing 1.9 and 3.2 folds respectively. One-stage repair increases odds of PRSTs 4 folds. DISCUSSION: We analyzed the risk factors of the need for penile resurfacing techniques in the re-operative hypospadias cases. Step-wise logistic regression showed that the number of previous repairs and one-stage repair are the independent risk factors of penile resurfacing. Also, it showed that the number of prior surgeries is the only independent risk factor for non-penile skin resurfacing. CONCLUSION: Number of previous repair is the independent risk factors of penile resurfacing and non-penile skin use in resurfacing. Previous repair in one-stage is an independent risk factor of the need for penile resurfacing.

Urethral complex thickness and thickness index are the independent risk factors for urethroplasty complications after tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair.

INTRODUCTION: In tubularized incised plate urethroplasty, the depth of the mid-line relaxing incision is the key factor for urethral plate tubularization without tension. The incision depths will be different from one case to the other even if they have been done by the same surgeon. This difference in depths resulted from the different thicknesses of the urethral plate and the underlying corpus spongiosum (urethral complex). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the urethral complex thickness and thickness index as risk factors for the complications of TIPU in penile shaft hypospadias repair. STUDY DESIGN: All primary penile shaft (distal and mid-penile) hypospadias (with or without mild penile chordee) were operated with TIPU between March 2018 and February 2021. We measured the urethral complex thickness in the hypospadiac and proximal normal parts of urethra pre-operatively with superficial U/S probe. Intraoperative, we measured the urethral plate width before and after the midline relaxing incision, calculate the relative increase in urethral plate width (RIUPW). Stepwise logistic regression assessed the effect of different variables on the complication rate. These variables include; urethral plate width before and after incision, urethral complex thickness, thickness index, RIUPW, site of hypospadiac meatus and patients ages. RESULTS: 10 cases had 11 complications (12.7%). Fistulae were the commonest complication (8.9%). Complication rate has significant negative correlations with many variables on Univariate analysis. Stepwise logistic regression shows that urethral plate thickness and thickness index are the independent risk factors for complications after TIPU in penile shaft hypospadias. DISCUSSION: Urethral plate width was suggested to be a risk factor for TIPU complications. In our study, Univariate analysis shows that complications were more with plate width ˂8 mm but without significant difference (P = 0.487). Also it shows that post incision width and RIUPW have significant negative correlation with complications rate. Multivariate analysis showed that the urethral complex thickness and thickness index are the independent risk factors for complications after TIPU hypospadias repair (AUC 0.94 95% CI 0.894-0.972 P Ë‚ 0.001 and 0.965 95% CI 0.921-0.996, respectively). CONCLUSION: The thickness of the urethral plate and the underlying spongiosum is the determining factor for TIPU success. We can use it as an objective reproducible assessment tool for urethral plate quality and to predict TIPU complications.

Mathieu vs urethral plate tubularization in circumcised Megameatus intact prepuce repair: A prospective randomized comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare urethral plate tubularization vs Mathieu in circumcised Megameatus intact prepuce (MIP) repair. Many techniques were described for MIP, which account for 5% of hypospadias cases and usually diagnosed at time of, or even after circumcision. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six circumcised MIP cases were prospectively enrolled in this prospective study, which was carried out in April 2017 and March 2020. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group one operated by simple urethral plate tubularization and group two by the Mathieu technique. Hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) scores, success rate, operative time, and the need for relaxing incision or scrotal flaps for skin closure were compared. RESULTS: Forty-three circumcised cases (22 in group one and 21 in group two) completed at least 6 months of follow-up. Ages ranged from 12 to 39 months (mean 18.06 6 6.35) in group one and from 10 to 32 months (mean 19.5 6 7.14) in group two. There was no significant difference between cases with accepted outcome based on HOSE scores (14) of the two groups (P value » .942). Three fistulae and one meatal stenosis were the complications in group one (18.2%). In group two, two patients complicated with fistula (9.5%) (P value » .674). Significant differences were present only in the operative time (P » .001) and in the need of relaxing incision or scrotal skin flaps (P » .012) both were more in group two. CONCLUSION: Mathieu and tubularized incised plate urethroplasty both are good options for circumcised MIP repair.

Narrow urethral plate augmentation in anterior and middle hypospadias repair: Onlay flap VS. Inlay graft. A prospective randomized comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: The measurement of the urethral plate width (as an objective parameter) and its effect of this width on the results of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) have been reported in two series and both authors reported that a urethral plate width < 8 mm is associated with higher complication rates. The augmentation of the urethral plate either by dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty (DIGU) or Onlay flap has been compared with the original TIPU in different degrees of hypospadias with better surgical results in augmented cases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical results of longitudinal Onlay preputial flap (LOF) vs (DIGU) techniques in augmentation of the narrow urethral plate. STUDY DESIGN: Primary anterior and middle hypospadias cases with narrow urethral plates were randomly allocated into two groups; group one operated by DIGU and group two operated by (LOF). The Success rate, individual complication rate, and operative times were compared. RESULTS: 39 cases completed the study. No significant differences in patients' characteristics were detected. In the DIGU group, one case (5.3%) complicated with fistula and glandular dehiscence wherein in the LOF group, 7 cases (35%) Complicated with 5 fistulae, 2 glanular dehiscences, one flap loss, one diverticulum (p= .02). No significant differences in the rates of individual complications. DISCUSSION: Variables affecting the success of hypospadias repairs are many. Urethral plate quality is an important variable among these variables. The definition of urethral plate quality is usually subjective. In the DIGU group, only 1/19 (5.3%) case had two complications, fistula and glandular dehiscence. Mouravas et al., in their comparative study between TIPU and G-TIP without mention of urethral plate width reported a significant reduction of the overall complications and urethral stenosis without significant reduction in fistula rate. In their G-TIP group, only 2 cases out of 24 (8.3%) were complicated with one fistula and one glandular dehiscence where in the TIPU group, 7 cases (30.4%) were complicated with one glandular dehiscence and 6 cases with urethral stenosis. In the LOF group, fistula in 5/20 cases (25%) was the commonest complication followed by glandular dehiscence in 2 cases (10%). Diverticulum and flap loss occurred in one case for each (5%). In the multivariate analysis of 474 patients' cohort by Spinoit et al., there were no significant differences between the risk of re-intervention after TIP and Onlay flap in anterior and middle hypospadias (25.8% vs. 18.8%), and (22.2% vs. 20%) respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that augmentation of the narrow urethral plate with DIGU has a better surgical outcome than with LOF. No significant difference in cosmetic outcomes detected.

Silodosin in the treatment of distal ureteric stones in children: A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible role of silodosin (a highly selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist) in facilitating the passage of distal ureteric stones (DUS) in children, as the role of α-blockers as medical expulsive therapy is well known in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 40 paediatric patients (27 boys and 13 girls) diagnosed with unilateral, single, radiopaque DUS of <10 mm were included in the study. Their mean (SD, range) age was 8.1 (2.7, 5-17) years. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A, received silodosin 4 mg as a single bedtime dose; and Group B, received placebo as a single bedtime dose. Ibuprofen was prescribed to both groups on-demand for pain episode relief. Patients were followed up biweekly for 4 weeks. The stone expulsion time and rate, pain episodes, analgesic use, and any adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: The mean (SD) stone size in Group A was 6.6 (1.7) mm and in Group B was 6.7 (1.4) mm (P = 0.4). Two patients were lost to follow-up (one from each group), and one patient in Group A refused to complete the study. The stone-free rate at end of the 4-week treatment period was 88.8% in Group A vs 73.6% in Group B (P = 0.4). The mean (SD) stone expulsion time was 7.0 (4.3) vs 10.4 (4.7) days in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.02). The mean (SD) number of pain episodes requiring ibuprofen was 2.3 (1.4) vs 4.7 (2.6) episodes in groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.001). Adverse effects (headache and dizziness) were recorded in three patients (16.7%) in Group A, which were mild and none of them discontinued treatment, whilst no adverse effects were recorded in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: The data in the present study show that silodosin can be safely used in the treatment of DUS in children for decreasing time to stone expulsion, pain episodes, and analgesic requirement.

Sildenafil citrate in combination with tamsulosin versus tamsulosin monotherapy for management of male lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the additive effect of sildenafil citrate to tamsulosin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) in men with or without erectile dysfunction (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 150 men with untreated LUTS/BPH with or without ED were randomised to receive sildenafil 25 mg once daily (OD) or placebo OD (night time) combined with tamsulosin 0.4 mg OD (day time) for 6 months. Changes from pre-treatment scores in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS-quality of life (QoL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-5) were assessed at 3 and 6 months. Safety profiles were assessed by physical examination and monitoring clinical adverse events. RESULTS: Group A comprised of men who received tamsulosin and sildenafil (75 men), whilst those in Group B received tamsulosin and placebo (75). The IPSS was significantly improved in Group A compared to Group B, at -29.3% vs -13.7% (P = 0.039) at 3 months and -37% vs -19.6% (P = 0.043) at 6 months after treatment. Qmax significantly improved in both groups compared with before treatment (P < 0.001). The IIEF-5 scores improved more in Group A than in Group B, at 58.7% vs 11.7% at 3 months and 62.4% vs 12.4% at 6 months after treatment (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Sildenafil citrate combined with tamsulosin improved LUTS, erectile function, and patient QoL more than tamsulosin monotherapy with the merit of a comparable safety profile in patients with LUTS/BPH.

Silodosin vs tamsulosin in the management of distal ureteric stones: A prospective randomised study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of silodosin (8 mg) vs tamsulosin (0.4 mg), as a medical expulsive therapy, in the management of distal ureteric stones (DUS) in terms of stone clearance rate and stone expulsion time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomised study was conducted on 115 patients, aged 21-55 years, who had unilateral DUS of ⩽10 mm. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 received silodosin (8 mg) and Group 2 received tamsulosin (0.4 mg) daily for 1 month. The patients were followed-up by ultrasonography, plain abdominal radiograph of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, and computed tomography (in some cases). RESULTS: There was a significantly higher stone clearance rate of 83% in Group 1 vs 57% in Group 2 (P = 0.007). Group 1 also showed a significant advantage for stone expulsion time and analgesic use. Four patients, two in each group, discontinued the treatment in first few days due to side-effects (orthostatic hypotension). No severe complications were recorded during the treatment period. Retrograde ejaculation was recorded in nine and three patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data show that silodosin is more effective than tamsulosin in the management of DUS for stone clearance rates and stone expulsion times. A multicentre study on larger scale is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of silodosin.

Definitive ureteroscopy and intracorporeal lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral calculi during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of using semi-rigid ureteroscopy with or without intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy vs. temporary ureteric JJ stenting in the management of obstructing ureteric calculi in pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective comparative study comprised 43 pregnant women with obstructing ureteric calculi. The diagnosis was based on the acute flank pain as the main symptom, microscopic haematuria, and unilateral hydronephrosis on abdominal ultrasonography (US). The patients were randomly divided into two groups; those in group 1 (22 patients) were treated by temporary ureteric JJ stenting until after delivery, and those in group 2 (21) were treated definitively by ureteroscopic stone extraction with intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy. Postoperative complications and the degree of patient satisfaction were reported. RESULTS: An obstructing ureteric stone was identified by US in 68% and 76% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. In group 1, nine patients had mid-ureteric stones and 13 had stones in the lower ureter. In group 2, seven patients had mid-ureteric stones, whilst the stones were in the distal ureter in 14. No perioperative foetal complications were detected in any group and all patients completed the full term of pregnancy. In group 1, four patients had a postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), and the JJ stent was exchanged in seven. Two patients in group 2 had a postoperative UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive ureteroscopy, even with intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy, is an effective and safe treatment for pregnant women with obstructing ureteric calculi. It has a better outcome and is more satisfactory for the patients than a temporary JJ stent.

Protective effect of trapidil and l-arginine against renal and hepatic toxicity induced by cyclosporine in rats.

RATIONALE: Cyclosporine A (CsA) leads to renal and liver injury, production of free radicals and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. This study investigates the possible protective effects of trapidil and L-arginine against CsA-induced tissue injury. OBJECTIVES: Forty adult male Wistar rats (180 +/- 20 g) were divided into five groups, eight animals in each. The first group served as control, second group served as CsA group, third group served as CsA + trapidil group, fourth group served as CsA + L-arginine group, and fifth group served as CsA + trapidil + L-arginine group. Kidney and liver functions, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, oxidant and antioxidant parameters as well as histopathological studies of renal and liver tissue were assessed in all groups. MAIN FINDINGS: CsA induced renal and hepatic dysfunction, which was confirmed by laboratory and histopathological examination. Administration of trapidil diminished the renal and liver injury and significantly attenuated the levels of serum creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and oxidative stress, while it significantly elevated the level of serum nitric oxide and the activity of antioxidative stress. L-Arginine gave the same trend as trapidil, but trapidil effect was more pronounced. Coadministration of trapidil + L-arginine significantly ameliorated the toxic effect of CsA, but did not differ significantly from the effect of trapidil alone. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with trapidil or L-arginine diminished the renal and hepatic CsA-induced toxicity. However, the effect of trapidil was more pronounced. Therefore, treatment with trapidil alone may be the most economic and effective as a potential therapeutic agent in CsA injury.