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1.
J Parasitol ; 110(4): 311-338, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39034606

RESUMO

The tadpole-dwelling pinworm, Gyrinicola batrachiensis (Walton, 1929) Adamson, 1981 was recognized as the sole representative of the genus across Canada and the United States. However, evaluation of the morphology of these parasites across their range revealed considerable morphological variability that suggested diagnosable morphotypes. These morphotypes were associated with different species of anurans, several of which occurred in sympatry. Herein we use an extensive geographic sampling across the United States to obtain the morphotypes, screen their genetic diversity, and analyze this information using an integrative approach. We reconstructed their phylogeny using nuclear ribosomal partial genes 18S and 28S, ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2, as well as 5 mitochondrial genes generated with Next-Generation sequencing technology. This phylogeny reveals 3 well-resolved lineages, which upon the use of a statistical approach (bPTP [Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree processes]) supports the delimitation of 4 distinct groups equivalent to species. These putative species groups were tested using morphological characteristics paired with a MANOVA and canonical variate analysis. Results suggest that at least 4 species of Gyrinicola are present within North America, resulting in the resurrection of G. armatus (Walton, 1933) and the description of 2 new species.


Assuntos
Teorema de Bayes , DNA de Helmintos , Variação Genética , Filogenia , Estados Unidos , Animais , DNA de Helmintos/química , Anuros/parasitologia , Oxyuroidea/classificação , Oxyuroidea/genética , Oxyuroidea/anatomia & histologia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/química , DNA Mitocondrial/genética
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 16709, 2024 Jul 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39030282

RESUMO

Approximately 1-2 per 100,000 young athletes die from sudden cardiac death (SCD) and extreme exercise may be associated with myocardial scar and arrhythmias. Racehorses have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and SCD but the presence of myocardial scar and inflammation has not been evaluated. Cardiac tissues from the left (LAA) and right (RAA) atrial appendages, left ventricular anterior (LVAPM) and posterior (LVPPM) papillary muscles, and right side of the interventricular septum (IVS-R) were harvested from racehorses with sudden cardiac death (SCD, n = 16) or other fatal injuries (OFI, n = 17), constituting the athletic group (ATH, n = 33), and compared to sedentary horses (SED, n = 10). Horses in the ATH group had myocyte hypertrophy at all sites; increased fibrosis at all sites other than the LAA; increased fibroblast infiltration but a reduction in the overall extracellular matrix (ECM) volume in the RAA, LVAPM, and IVS-R compared to SED horses. In this horse model, athletic conditioning was associated with myocyte hypertrophy and a reduction in ECM. There was an excess of fibrocyte infiltration and focal fibrosis that was not present in non-athletic horses, raising the possibility of an exercise-induced pro-fibrotic substrate.


Assuntos
Condicionamento Físico Animal , Remodelação Ventricular , Animais , Cavalos , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/patologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/veterinária , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Fibrose , Masculino , Miocárdio/patologia , Feminino , Matriz Extracelular , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia
3.
Resuscitation ; : 110289, 2024 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38908776

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mortality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains high. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has revolutionized OHCA treatment, but our understanding of the ECPR responder's clinical profile is incomplete. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a well-established cardiovascular disease risk factor. The impact of CAS on OHCA outcomes remains unelucidated. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether CAS burden affects the outcomes of OHCA patients treated with ECPR. METHODS: This study included patients with OHCA admitted for ECPR consideration, who had carotid ultrasonography performed. A numeric scale was applied to the plaque to create a CAS burden numeric scale. The primary outcome of the study was survival at discharge, compared among the different degrees of CAS. Neurologically intact survival and surrogate markers of neurologic injury were the secondary study endpoints. To assess the independent effect of CAS burden on survival to hospital discharge, we conducted a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Between 2019 and 2023, carotid ultrasonography was performed on 163 patients who were admitted for refractory OHCA. CAS burden was equally distributed between the right and left carotid arteries. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the CAS burden was significantly associated with both overall and neurologically intact survival at discharge (p = 0.004). A linear relationship between the CAS burden and neuron-specific and S-100 levels was identified. Patients with normal carotids were significantly less likely to have encephalopathy on electroencephalograms. CONCLUSION: CAS burden independently predicts the risk for worse survival and neurologic outcomes in patients suffering refractory OHCA who are treated with ECPR.

4.
J Wildl Dis ; 60(1): 168-170, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37924238

RESUMO

We developed a venipuncture technique of the ventral caudal vein in conscious Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in cage traps, enabling blood sampling without anesthesia. Blood samples were successfully collected from all 28 opossums in this study by this technique. Draw volume of <0.1 mL occurred in only four opossums (14%).


Assuntos
Anestesia , Didelphis , Animais , Flebotomia/veterinária , Virginia , Gambás , Anestesia/veterinária
5.
J Parasitol ; 109(6): 622-632, 2023 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38151050

RESUMO

Gyrinicola Yamaguti, 1938, includes 6 species of oxyurid found within the intestinal tract of numerous, larval, anuran species in Europe, Asia, South America, and North America. The systematic placement and hierarchical treatment of the genus has shifted at least 5 times since its discovery; the group was first considered as its own family (Gyrinicolidae), then treated as a subfamily (Gyrinicolinae) of Cosmocercidae, then as a member of the Pharyngodonidae, followed by movement back to the Cosmocercidae, and finally a recent proposal suggested the resurrection of the Gyrinicolidae. Species in the genus vary widely in the morphology of the uterine tract, a characteristic often used to indicate membership in the genus, as it is tied to the reproductive mode. However, until recently very few genetic data were available to aid in the placement of this unique group of worms, and before this study to the best of our knowledge none existed for the North American species. To examine the monophyly and placement of the Gyrinicola we sampled populations of Gyrinicola batrachiensis across North America and screened them for genetic diversity using nuclear markers 18S and 28S. Phylogenies suggest at least 3 clades exist among the nematodes from North America and that these clades, alongside Gyrinicola japonica, form a well-supported group within Oxyuroidea. Further representation of Pharyngodonidae from other vertebrate classes may help clarify the relationship of this historical grouping to other members of the Oxyuroidea.


Assuntos
Nematoides , Oxyuroidea , Animais , Oxyuroidea/anatomia & histologia , Filogenia , Nematoides/genética , Anuros , Reprodução
6.
Res Dev Disabil ; 142: 104604, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37856994

RESUMO

This study examined the relation between IQ, parent-reported child anxiety, and salivary cortisol levels in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a wide range of intellectual abilities using a prospective design. Results showed that IQ at time 1 (T1) positively predicted parent-reports of child anxiety at time 2 (T2); however, IQ at T1 negatively predicted cortisol levels from saliva samples taken at a research laboratory at T2. Parent reports of child anxiety at T1 and T2 were not associated with cortisol levels at T2. Implications for the assessment of anxiety in youth with ASD are discussed.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Hidrocortisona , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Autorrelato , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Ansiedade , Transtornos de Ansiedade
7.
J Parasitol ; 109(5): 525-529, 2023 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37861238

RESUMO

Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic apicomplexan infecting felids in the southeastern and midwestern United States. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are the natural wildlife reservoir of C. felis, where in enzootic areas prevalence can reach 100%. Domestic cats can be subclinically infected with C. felis or can develop cytauxzoonosis. Two studies have documented the presence of C. felis in domestic cats in Illinois; these studies have shown a limited number of cases submitted to specialty labs. During 2014-2018, we obtained blood samples collected by veterinary staff from 514 cats that were apparently healthy and 74 cats that were suspected of cytauxzoonosis. These samples were screened using a sensitive, nested PCR to detect the presence of C. felis DNA. We herein document frequent occurrences of cytauxzoonosis (8-15 cases/year from 4 veterinary clinics) and 12.5% prevalence of subclinical infections in southern Illinois, a locality showing a sharp increase in cases of cytauxzoonosis. Our results suggest a high risk of cytauxzoonosis in southern Illinois, despite only recently being recognized in the area. We found no specific risk factors for cytauxzoonosis or subclinical infections in this location. In addition, cases of cytauxzoonosis occur every month of the year (with the highest frequency in summer) and therefore tick prevention should be used in domestic cats in enzootic regions throughout the year.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Felis , Haemosporida , Lynx , Piroplasmida , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Carrapatos , Animais , Gatos , Humanos , Infecções Assintomáticas , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens , Piroplasmida/genética , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia
8.
Clin Neurophysiol ; 154: 85-99, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37595482

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine potential long-term effects of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤ 1000 g) on adult brain structure, brain function, and cognitive-behavioral performance. METHODS: A subset of survivors from the prospectively-followed McMaster ELBW Cohort (n = 23, MBW = 816 g) and their peers born at normal birth weight (NBW; ≥ 2500 g; n = 14, MBW = 3361 g) provided T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans, resting electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, and behavioral responses to a face-processing task in their early thirties. RESULTS: Visual discrimination accuracy for human faces, resting EEG alpha power, and long-distance alpha coherence were lower in ELBW survivors than NBW adults, and volumes of white matter hypointensities (WMH) were higher. Across groups, face-processing performance was correlated positively with posterior EEG spectral power and long-distance alpha and theta coherence, and negatively with WMH. The associations between face-processing scores and parietal alpha power and theta coherence were reduced after adjustment for WMH. CONCLUSIONS: Electrocortical activity, brain functional connectivity, and higher-order processing ability may be negatively affected by WMH burden, which is greater in adults born extremely preterm. SIGNIFICANCE: Decrements in electrocortical activity and behavioral performance in adult ELBW survivors may be partly explained by increased WMH volumes in this vulnerable population.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Percepção Visual , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Eletroencefalografia
9.
Am Surg ; 89(10): 4195-4199, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37345361

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative transfusions in vascular patients undergoing major lower limb amputations (LLAs) are associated with worse postoperative outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study from 2015 to 2020 to identify perioperative factors associated with the need for intraoperative transfusion for patients undergoing below knee or above knee amputations secondary to vascular disease. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients with major LLAs were identified, 39 (60%) with below knee and 26 (40%) with above knee amputations. There were 15 (23%) patients who were transfused intraoperatively and 50 (77%) who were not. Six (15%) of the below knee patients and 9 (34%) of the above knee patients required intraoperative transfusion. Of the variables studied, only preoperative hemoglobin (8.6 ± .4 vs 9.9 ± .2 g/dL, P = .01), change in hemoglobin (-.1 ± .4 vs .8 ± .2 g/dL, P = .01), estimated intraoperative blood loss (416 ± 168 vs 126 ± 14 mL, P = .04), and operative duration (116 ± 19 min. vs 89 ± 6 min, P = .046) were associated with a transfusion requirement with these patients having a longer length of stay (42 [13-76] vs 21 [12-31] days, P = .04) and a higher risk of mortality (33% vs 10%, P = .03). DISCUSSION: The study is limited by a small sample size from a single institution. However, patients who received an intraoperative transfusion had a lower starting hemoglobin, higher estimated blood loss, required longer hospital stays, and were at a higher risk for post-discharge mortality.


Assuntos
Assistência ao Convalescente , Alta do Paciente , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Amputação Cirúrgica , Extremidade Inferior/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Hemoglobinas/análise
10.
Health Care Manag Sci ; 26(3): 461-476, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37191758

RESUMO

In the mental health sector, Psychological Therapies face numerous challenges including ambiguities over the client and service factors that are linked to unfavourable outcomes. Better understanding of these factors can contribute to effective and efficient use of resources within the Service. In this study, process mining was applied to data from the Northern Health and Social Care Trust Psychological Therapies Service (NHSCT PTS). The aim was to explore how psychological distress severity pre-therapy and attendance factors relate to outcomes and how clinicians can use that information to improve the service. Data included therapy episodes (N = 2,933) from the NHSCT PTS for adults with a range of mental health difficulties. Data were analysed using Define-Measure-Analyse model with process mining. Results found that around 11% of clients had pre-therapy psychological distress scores below the clinical cut-off and thus these individuals were unlikely to significantly improve. Clients with fewer cancelled or missed appointments were more likely to significantly improve post-therapy. Pre-therapy psychological distress scores could be a useful factor to consider at assessment for estimating therapy duration, as those with higher scores typically require more sessions. This study concludes that process mining is useful in health services such as NHSCT PTS to provide information to inform caseload planning, service management and resource allocation, with the potential to improve client's health outcomes.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Psicoterapia , Adulto , Humanos , Mineração de Dados , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
medRxiv ; 2023 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36865330

RESUMO

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects more than 16 million pregnancies annually worldwide and is related to an increased lifetime risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The diseases are hypothesized to share a genetic predisposition, but there are few GWAS studies of GDM and none of them is sufficiently powered to assess whether any variants or biological pathways are specific to GDM. We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of GDM to date in 12,332 cases and 131,109 parous female controls in the FinnGen Study and identified 13 GDM-associated loci including 8 novel loci. Genetic features distinct from T2D were identified both at the locus and genomic scale. Our results suggest that the genetics of GDM risk falls into two distinct categories - one part conventional T2D polygenic risk and one part predominantly influencing mechanisms disrupted in pregnancy. Loci with GDM-predominant effects map to genes related to islet cells, central glucose homeostasis, steroidogenesis, and placental expression. These results pave the way for an improved biological understanding of GDM pathophysiology and its role in the development and course of T2D.

12.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 18(1)2023 02 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34216137

RESUMO

Early adolescence is a critical period for eating behaviors as children gain autonomy around food choice and peer influences increase in potency. From a neurodevelopmental perspective, significant structural changes take place in the prefrontal cortex during this time, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is involved in socially contextualized decision-making. We examined the morphological features of the OFC in relation to food choice in a sample of 10 309 early adolescent children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Structural parameters of the OFC and insula were examined for relationships with two important aspects of food choice: limiting the consumption of fast/fried food and maximizing the consumption of nutritious foods. Raw, partially adjusted and fully adjusted models were evaluated. Findings revealed that a larger surface area of the lateral OFC was associated with higher odds of limiting fast/fried food consumption in raw [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.12, P = 0.002, PFDR = 0.012], partially adjusted (OR = 1.11, CI: 1.03, 1.19, P = 0.004, PFDR = 0.024) and fully adjusted models (OR = 1.11, CI: 1.03, 1.19, P = 0.006, PFDR = 0.036). In contrast, a larger insula volume was associated with lower odds of maximizing healthy foods in raw (OR = 0.94, CI: 0.91, 0.97, P <0.001, PFDR = 0.003) and partially adjusted (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.88, 0.98, P = 0.008, PFDR = 0.048) models. These findings refine our understanding of the OFC as a network node implicated in socially mediated eating behaviors.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Cognição , Preferências Alimentares , Comportamento Alimentar
13.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 18(1)2023 02 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34471927

RESUMO

Morphological features of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in late childhood and early adolescence may provide important clues as to the developmental etiology of clinical conditions such as obesity. Body composition measurements and structural brain imaging were performed on 11 226 youth at baseline (age 9 or 10 years) and follow-up (age 11 or 12 years). Baseline morphological features of the lateral PFC were examined as predictors of body composition. Findings revealed reliable associations between middle frontal gyrus volume, thickness and surface area and multiple indices of body composition. These findings were consistent across both time points and remained significant after covariate adjustment. Cortical thicknesses of the inferior frontal gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex were also reliable predictors. Morphology effects on body composition were mediated by performance on a non-verbal reasoning task. Modest but reliable moderation effects were observed with respect to environmental self-regulatory demand after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, income and methodological variables. Overall findings suggest that PFC morphology is a reliable predictor of body composition in early adolescence, as mediated through select cognitive functions and partially moderated by environmental characteristics.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Lobo Frontal , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Cognição , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/anatomia & histologia
15.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 53(10): 4021-4034, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35917023

RESUMO

Children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) exhibit impaired ability to process and understand emotions in others. We measured structural connectivity in children and adolescents with 22q11.2DS (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 29). Compared to controls, those with 22q11.2DS had poorer social skills and more difficulty recognizing facial emotions. Children with 22q11.2DS also had higher fractional anisotropic diffusion in right amygdala to fusiform gyrus white matter pathways. Right amygdala to fusiform gyrus fractional anisotropy values partially mediated the relationship between 22q11.2DS and social skills, as well as the relationship between 22q11.2DS and emotion recognition accuracy. These findings provide insight into the neural origins of social skills deficits seen in 22q11.2DS and may serve as a biomarker for risk of future psychiatric problems.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Síndrome de DiGeorge , Substância Branca , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Síndrome de DiGeorge/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de DiGeorge/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Emoções , Cromossomos , Deleção Cromossômica
16.
Zootaxa ; 5346(5): 501-531, 2023 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38221325

RESUMO

Tibicinoides, with three small endemic California cicada species, has a confusing, intertwined systematic history with Okanagana that we unravel here. An ingroup including all species of Tibicinoides and the majority (84.7%) of Okanagana species were sampled for six gene regions, polarized with Clidophleps, Okanagodes, Subpsaltria, and Tibicina outgroups, and subjected to Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Although the ingroup was monophyletic from all outgroups including Tibicina, Tibicinoides rendered Okanagana paraphyletic among two major ingroup clades. To bring classification into agreement with phylogeny, we redescribe and redefine Tibicinoides to include all Okanagana species with a hooked uncus in the male genitalia, all of which grouped with the type T. cupreosparsa (Uhler, 1889) in the first of these clades: T. boweni (Chatfield-Taylor & Cole, 2020) comb. n., T. catalina (Davis, 1936) comb. n., T. hesperia (Uhler, 1876) comb. n., T. mercedita (Davis, 1915), T. minuta (Davis, 1915), T. pallidula (Davis, 1917a) comb. n., T. pernix (Bliven, 1964) comb. n., T. rubrovenosa (Davis, 1915) comb. n., T. simulata (Davis, 1921) comb. n., T. striatipes (Haldeman, 1852) comb. n., T. uncinata (Van Duzee, 1915) comb. n., T. utahensis (Davis, 1919) comb. n., and T. vanduzeei (Distant, 1914) comb. n. Okanagana is redescribed and restricted to the species of the second major clade which contained the type O. rimosa (Say, 1830). We describe two new genera for morphologically distinct orphan lineages: Chlorocanta gen. nov. for C. viridis (Davis, 1918) comb. n. and Hewlettia gen. nov. for H. nigriviridis (Davis, 1921) comb. n. We recognize O. rubrobasalis Davis, 1926 stat. rev. as a species and relegate two former species to junior subjective synonyms: O. noveboracensis (Emmons, 1854) = O. canadensis (Provancher, 1889) and O. occidentalis (Walker in Lord, 1866) = O. lurida Davis, 1919. Tibicinoides and Okanagana together represent a rapid radiation that presents challenges to phylogenetic analysis including suboptimal outgroups and short internodes.


Assuntos
Hemípteros , Animais , Masculino , Filogenia , Teorema de Bayes , América do Norte
17.
Phys Rev Lett ; 129(2): 021801, 2022 Jul 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35867467

RESUMO

We report the first results of a search for leptophobic dark matter (DM) from the Coherent-CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) liquid argon (LAr) detector. An engineering run with 120 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and 17.9×10^{20} protons on target (POT) was performed in fall 2019 to study the characteristics of the CCM detector. The operation of this 10-ton detector was strictly light based with a threshold of 50 keV and used coherent elastic scattering off argon nuclei to detect DM. Despite only 1.5 months of accumulated luminosity, contaminated LAr, and nonoptimized shielding, CCM's first engineering run has already achieved sensitivity to previously unexplored parameter space of light dark matter models with a baryonic vector portal. With an expected background of 115 005 events, we observe 115 005+16.5 events which is compatible with background expectations. For a benchmark mediator-to-DM mass ratio of m_{V_{B}}/m_{χ}=2.1, DM masses within the range 9 MeV≲m_{χ}≲50 MeV are excluded at 90% C. L. in the leptophobic model after applying the Feldman-Cousins test statistic. CCM's upgraded run with 200 PMTs, filtered LAr, improved shielding, and 10 times more POT will be able to exclude the remaining thermal relic density parameter space of this model, as well as probe new parameter space of other leptophobic DM models.

18.
Clin Nutr ; 41(8): 1623-1635, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35764009

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an impaired sensitivity to anabolic stimuli such as dietary protein (anabolic resistance). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may be protective against the deleterious effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on insulin resistance. However, the contribution of excess fat consumption to anabolic and insulin resistance and the interaction between SFA and n-3 PUFA is not well studied. AIM: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral fat pre-load, with or without the partial substitution of SFA with fish oil (FO)-derived n-3 PUFA, on indices of insulin and anabolic sensitivity in response to subsequent dietary protein and carbohydrate (dextrose) co-ingestion. METHODS: Eight middle-aged males with overweight or obesity (52.8 ± 2.0 yr, BMI 31.8 ± 1.4 kg·m-2) ingested either an SFA, or isoenergetic SFA and FO emulsion (FO), or water/control (Con), 4 h prior to a bolus of milk protein and dextrose. RESULTS: Lipid ingestion (in particular FO) impaired the early postprandial uptake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) into the skeletal muscle in response to protein and dextrose, and attenuated the peak glycaemic response, but was not accompanied by differences in whole body (Matsuda Index: Con: 4.66 ± 0.89, SFA: 5.10 ± 0.94 and FO: 4.07 ± 0.59) or peripheral (forearm glucose netAUC: Con: 521.7 ± 101.7; SFA: 470.2 ± 125.5 and FO: 495.3 ± 101.6 µmol·min-1·100 g lean mass·min [t = 240-420 min]) insulin sensitivity between visits. Postprandial whole body fat oxidation was affected by visit (P = 0.024) with elevated rates in SFA and FO, relative to Con (1.85 ± 0.55; 2.19 ± 0.21 and 0.65 ± 0.35 kJ·h-1·kg-1 lean body mass, respectively), however muscle uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) was unaffected. CONCLUSION: Oral lipid preloads, consisting of SFA and FO, impair the early postprandial BCAA uptake into skeletal muscle, which occurs independent of changes in insulin sensitivity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03146286.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Resistência à Insulina , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos Cross-Over , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Proteínas Alimentares , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ácidos Graxos , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sobrepeso , Período Pós-Prandial
19.
Aust Vet J ; 100(3): 114-120, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34859419

RESUMO

AliveCor is a smartphone electrocardiography device (iECG) providing automated heart rate (HR) and rhythm determination. Atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses often is paroxysmal and rapid ECG acquisition is needed for diagnostic confirmation. iECGs were collected post-race from 15 horses with AF and 64 horses in sinus rhythm (SR). Results of manual assessment were compared to 3 commercial algorithms for HR and rhythm. Agreement between manually derived HR (HRM ) and HR derived by the AliveECG Vet (HRVET ) and Kardia version-1 (KV1 HR) and Kardia advanced (KADV HR) algorithms was quantified by the Bland-Altman limits of agreement test. Agreement between manual rhythm classification and KV1 and KADV algorithms for AF and SR was calculated by the Kappa statistical coefficient. The agreement (bias, 95% limits), between HRM and HRVET was 7.1 BPM (-29 to 43) in AF and -4.2 BPM (-38 to 30) in SR, between HRM and KV1 HR, was -0.3 BPM (-31 to 30) in AF and 0.2 BPM (-3 to 4) in SR, and between HRM and KADV HR was 7.0 BPM (-29 to 43) in AF and 0.2 BPM (-3.9 to 4.2) in SR. Agreement between manual rhythm classification and KV1 was 0.36 (0.13-0.59), and KADV was 0.84 (0.68-0.99). Sensitivity and specificity for identification of AF and SR of the KV1 algorithm were 60, 100% and 83, 100%, respectively, and of KADV was 87, 100% and 93, 100% respectively. The Kardia algorithms improved precision for HR determination in SR but not AF. The advanced algorithm accurately distinguished between AF and SR. The iECG is suitable for recording episodes of AF following exercise.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Doenças dos Cavalos , Algoritmos , Animais , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/veterinária , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/veterinária , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Cavalos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
20.
Vet Parasitol ; 290: 109344, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33465567

RESUMO

Protists of the genus Cytauxzoon infect a wide variety of wild and domestic felids worldwide. While the American Cytauxzoon felis has been well described, data on the European isolates of Cytauxzoon are still scant. The aim of the current study was to determine the genetic diversity of European Cytauxzoon spp. in wild felids across Europe by analyzing one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes, along with representative complete mitochondrial genomes. Overall, 106 biological samples from wild felids (92 from Felis silvestris and 14 from Lynx lynx) from Germany, Romania, Czech Republic, and Luxembourg were collected and screened for the presence of Cytauxzoon spp. using nested PCR protocols, targeting the highly conserved 18S rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Furthermore, 18 previously confirmed wild felid biological samples from Europe, and comparative material from USA positive for C. felis, were included in the study. In 18S rDNA sequences analyses, Cytauxzoon spp. from felids formed two separate clades of New World and Old World isolates, with a low inner diversity of the European clade. In contrast to 18S rDNA, the phylogenetic analyses of CytB and COI genes affirmatively revealed three highly supported clades, resulting in three defined genotypes. Similar intra- and interspecific variability of CytB and COI genes was observed in the case of different Babesia spp. Considering geography, host species and analyses of three genes, we conclude that the three detected genotypes of Cytauxzoon in European wild felids represent three new species, which we herein describe.


Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Felidae/parasitologia , Piroplasmida/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Europa (Continente) , Genoma Mitocondrial , Genoma de Protozoário , Filogenia , Piroplasmida/classificação , Piroplasmida/genética , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Especificidade da Espécie
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