RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a rare serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, which is characterized by a protracted course of the disease and a prolonged hospital stay. This study aimed to assess the role of systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammatory response index in predicting early lung necrotization in children with CAP. METHODS: This study included all children hospitalized in Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Tanta University, Egypt, with CAP between the ages of two months and 18 years. Systemic inflammatory indices, including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), were calculated on patients' admission. RESULTS: The study involved a total of 228 children, 42 patients had NP, 46 patients had parapneumonic effusion, and 140 patients had non-complicated CAP. Patients with NP were substantially younger (p = 0.002), stayed in the hospital longer (p < 0.001), had a longer duration of symptoms before hospital admission (p < 0.001), and had fever for a longer duration than those in the other groups (p < 0.001). Regarding the inflammatory ratios, patients with NP had significantly higher MLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI than those in the other groups (p = 0.020, p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.037, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the combined SII + SIRI + D-dimer showed the highest AUC with a good specificity in predicting the diagnosis of NP. CONCLUSIONS: SII, SIRI, and D-dimer may be beneficial biomarkers for predicting the occurrence of NP in children when performed on patients' admission. In addition, it was found for the first time that combined SII + SIRI + D-dimer had a good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of NP.
Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia Necrosante , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Lactente , Pneumonia Necrosante/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/sangue , Neutrófilos , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Contagem de Plaquetas , Curva ROC , Biomarcadores/sangue , Contagem de LinfócitosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare pediatric pulmonary condition characterized by the production of branching bronchial casts that cause partial or total obstruction of the bronchial lumen. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 13-year-old boy with a history of bronchial asthma and left lower lobectomy, with persistent cough and left-sided chest pain when he went to the emergency room. Chest radiography showed complete left lung opacity denoting total left lung collapse, and flexible bronchoscopy revealed cohesive casts totally occluding the left bronchus, with frequent recurrence that finally ended with left pneumonectomy. CONCLUSION: Plastic bronchitis is a rare, fatal disease in children that requires a high index of suspicion for both diagnosis and treatment. Although bronchoscopic removal of the bronchial casts together with the medical treatment are the main lines of treatment, cases with recurrent formation of casts are at high risk for surgical intervention in the form of either lobectomy or pneumonectomy.
Assuntos
Bronquite , Broncoscopia , Pneumonectomia , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Bronquite/diagnóstico , Recidiva , Asma/complicações , Asma/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, a common consequence of untreated CHD, is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Recent researches have demonstrated that patients with clinically severe cardiovascular illnesses, including pulmonary hypertension, have a greater mortality risk when their red cell distribution width is high. This work aimed to assess the predictive value of red cell distribution width in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension-CHD and to correlate red cell distribution width with various clinical and echocardiographic data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with CHD associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension were enrolled as the patient group. Another 60 patients with CHD and no pulmonary arterial hypertension, matched for age and sex, were enrolled as the control group. Electrocardiography and echocardiographic evaluation were performed for all included children. Red cell distribution width as part of the complete blood count was also performed using a Coulter® LH 700 series haematology analyzer. RESULTS: The red cell distribution width was significantly higher in the pulmonary arterial hypertension-CHD group than in the CHD-only group (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the red cell distribution width and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Red cell distribution width was an independent predictor of mortality in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension-CHD. The best red cell distribution width cut-off for predicting mortality in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension-CHD was ≥ 17.6%. CONCLUSION: Red cell distribution width was significantly higher in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension-CHD than in those without pulmonary arterial hypertension. Moreover, red cell distribution width could be a cheap easy predictive marker for mortality in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension-CHD.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Septic pulmonary embolism is a rare disease in children. We aimed to assess the clinical, microbiological, and radiological characteristics and outcomes of pediatric septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) and to identify any predictive factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with this unusual disease to enhance prognosis and treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study to search the electronic medical records of children admitted to the pediatric pulmonology unit, Tanta University hospital with the diagnosis of SPE between January 2015 and June 2022. RESULTS: Seventeen pediatric patients were identified; ten males and seven females with a mean age of 9.4 ± 5.2 years. The most common presenting complaints were fever and shortness of breath (n = 17) followed by chest pain (n = 9), pallor (n = 5), limb swelling (n = 4), and back pain (n = 1). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the most common causative pathogen in nine patients. The most common extra-pulmonary septic foci were septic arthritis in five patients (29.4%), septic thrombophlebitis in four patients (23.5%), and infective endocarditis in two patients (11.8%). All patients exhibited wedge-shaped peripheral lesions and feeding vessel sign in CT chest, whereas bilateral diffuse lesions, nodular lesions, and cavitation were present in 94.1% of patients, pleural effusion was identified in 58.8% of patients, and pneumothorax was detected in 41.2% of patients. Fifteen patients improved and survived (88.2%), while two patients died (11.8%). CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of SPE with vigorous early therapy is critical for a better outcome, including appropriate antibiotics and timely surgical interference to eradicate extra-pulmonary septic foci.